#1
Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees the right to a fair trial?
Sixth Amendment
ExplanationEnsures the right to a fair and speedy trial, including the right to counsel.
#2
What is the primary purpose of the Miranda rights?
To protect the rights of the accused during police interrogations
ExplanationSafeguards the accused's right to remain silent and have an attorney present.
#3
Which of the following is NOT a component of the criminal justice system?
Education system
ExplanationEducational institutions are not part of the formal criminal justice system.
#4
What is the primary role of a defense attorney in the criminal justice system?
To provide legal representation to the accused
ExplanationEnsures the accused's rights are protected and provides legal defense.
#5
In the United States, what is the purpose of the 'Fourth Amendment'?
Protection against unreasonable searches and seizures
ExplanationSafeguards against unwarranted intrusion by law enforcement.
#6
Who is often considered the 'father' of modern criminology?
Cesare Beccaria
ExplanationPioneering figure in criminology, advocating for fair and proportionate punishment.
#7
What is the 'fruit of the poisonous tree' doctrine in criminal law?
Evidence obtained illegally cannot be used in court
ExplanationProhibits the use of unlawfully obtained evidence in legal proceedings.
#8
What is the term for a legal proceeding in which a defendant pleads guilty to a lesser charge in exchange for a more lenient sentence?
Plea bargain
ExplanationAgreement between prosecution and defense for a reduced sentence.
#9
What does the term 'recidivism' refer to in the context of the criminal justice system?
The rate at which convicted individuals re-offend
ExplanationMeasures the likelihood of reoffending after serving a sentence.
#10
What is the term for a legal principle that prevents the government from prosecuting individuals for the same crime twice?
Double jeopardy
ExplanationProtects against being tried again for the same offense.
#11
What is the purpose of a grand jury in the criminal justice system?
To conduct investigations and decide whether to indict someone for a crime
ExplanationReviews evidence to determine if there's enough for formal charges.
#12
What is the 'beyond a reasonable doubt' standard in criminal trials?
The burden of proof required for a guilty verdict
ExplanationProsecution must prove guilt to a high standard.
#13
In the United States, what is the purpose of the 'three strikes' laws?
To impose harsher penalties on repeat offenders
ExplanationMandates severe sentences for individuals with multiple convictions.
#14
What is the 'Mens Rea' in criminal law?
The criminal intent or guilty mind
ExplanationRefers to the mental state or intention behind a criminal act.
#15
Which U.S. Supreme Court case established the 'exclusionary rule'?
Mapp v. Ohio
ExplanationRuled that unlawfully obtained evidence is inadmissible in court.