#1
Which of the following is NOT a goal of the juvenile justice system?
Rehabilitation
Punishment
Reintegration
Deterrence
#2
What is the minimum age at which a person can be held criminally responsible in most countries?
12 years old
14 years old
16 years old
18 years old
#3
Which of the following is a primary focus of juvenile justice reforms?
Increasing punitive measures
Expanding solitary confinement
Reducing recidivism
Limiting access to education
#4
What is the term used to describe the process of transferring a juvenile's case to adult court?
Juvenile waiver
Youth incarceration
Minor sentencing
Teen detention
#5
Which principle suggests that juvenile justice interventions should be proportional to the seriousness of the offense and the needs of the juvenile?
Balanced and Restorative Justice
Principle of Graduated Sanctions
Reintegration Principle
Principle of Least Intervention
#6
Who is considered the 'Father of the Juvenile Court' in the United States?
John Augustus
Jane Addams
William Howard Taft
Judge Julian Mack
#7
What principle of juvenile justice emphasizes the importance of treating juveniles differently from adults?
Best interest of the child
Due process
Parens patriae
Doli incapax
#8
Which international convention sets standards for the treatment of juvenile offenders?
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
Geneva Convention
Hague Convention
Vienna Convention
#9
In the context of juvenile justice, what does 'status offense' refer to?
An offense committed by a juvenile that would also be a crime if committed by an adult
An offense related to the juvenile's status as a minor, such as truancy or curfew violation
An offense involving violent behavior
An offense requiring special legal status to prosecute
#10
Which of the following is a component of the 'balanced and restorative justice' model in juvenile justice?
Punishment as the primary goal
Ignoring the needs of victims
Community protection as the sole focus
Restitution, community service, and competency development
#11
What Supreme Court case held that juveniles cannot be sentenced to life imprisonment without parole for non-homicide offenses?
Graham v. Florida
Roper v. Simmons
Miller v. Alabama
In re Gault
#12
Which U.S. federal law provides funding to states for programs aimed at preventing juvenile delinquency and improving the juvenile justice system?
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act
Youth Rehabilitation Act
Children's Defense Act
Adolescent Treatment and Rehabilitation Act
#13
Which of the following is a criticism often directed at the juvenile justice system?
Overemphasis on rehabilitation
Excessive punishment
Lack of individualized attention
High reintegration rates
#14
What is the term used to describe a court order that removes a juvenile from their home and places them under the supervision of a state agency or foster care?
Adjudication
Probation
Out-of-home placement
Diversion
#15
What is the term used to describe a sentence that allows a juvenile to serve part of their time in a residential facility and the rest under supervision in the community?
Indeterminate sentence
Concurrent sentence
Split sentence
Deferred sentence