#1
In which century did the concept of juvenile justice emerge?
17th century
18th century
19th century
20th century
#2
What is the purpose of the 'best interests of the child' standard in juvenile justice?
To prioritize the child's well-being and rehabilitation
To determine punishment severity
To assess parental responsibility
To establish guilt or innocence
#3
What is the 'status offense' in the context of juvenile justice?
A criminal offense committed by an adult
An offense only applicable to juveniles
A serious felony
An offense against the state
#4
Which era saw the emergence of houses of refuge for juvenile offenders?
Progressive Era
Reconstruction Era
Colonial Era
Victorian Era
#5
What is the 'age of criminal responsibility' in many legal systems?
#6
Who is considered the father of modern criminology?
John Locke
Cesare Beccaria
Emile Durkheim
Jeremy Bentham
#7
Which landmark case established the right to counsel for juveniles in delinquency proceedings?
Gideon v. Wainwright
In re Gault
Miranda v. Arizona
Brown v. Board of Education
#8
Who coined the term 'juvenile delinquent'?
Emile Durkheim
G. Stanley Hall
August Vollmer
Benjamin Rush
#9
Which organization published the 'Model Juvenile Court Act' in 1969?
American Bar Association
United Nations
National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges
American Civil Liberties Union
#10
In what year did the United Nations adopt the Convention on the Rights of the Child?
#11
What is the primary focus of the 'balanced and restorative justice' model in juvenile justice?
Punishment
Restitution and community reintegration
Isolation
Capital punishment
#12
Who was responsible for the establishment of the first juvenile court in the United States?
Jane Addams
Benjamin Rush
John Augustus
Julia Lathrop
#13
What is parens patriae in the context of juvenile justice?
A legal principle recognizing the state as the parent
A rehabilitation program for juvenile offenders
A type of juvenile court system
A defense strategy for juvenile defendants
#14
What is the primary goal of the restorative justice approach in juvenile justice?
Punishment and deterrence
Rehabilitation and community repair
Isolation and confinement
Retribution and retribution
#15
Which historical event significantly influenced the development of juvenile justice in the United States?
Prohibition era
Civil Rights Movement
Great Depression
Industrial Revolution
#16
What is the primary criticism of the 'superpredator' theory in juvenile justice?
It overemphasizes the importance of rehabilitation
It stigmatizes and inaccurately predicts youth criminal behavior
It neglects the role of parenting
It supports lenient sentencing for juveniles
#17
Which U.S. Supreme Court case ruled that the death penalty for juveniles is unconstitutional?
Roper v. Simmons
Graham v. Florida
Miller v. Alabama
Atkins v. Virginia
#18
What is the 'doli incapax' presumption in juvenile justice?
The presumption of guilt for juvenile offenders
The presumption of innocence for juvenile offenders
The presumption of diminished capacity for criminal intent in juveniles
The presumption of mental illness in juvenile offenders
#19
Which U.S. Supreme Court case established the right to a jury trial for juveniles charged with delinquency?
Gideon v. Wainwright
In re Winship
McKeiver v. Pennsylvania
Kent v. United States