Historical Perspectives and Debates in Juvenile Justice Quiz

The concept of juvenile justice emerged in the 19th century in response to social and legal reforms.

The 'best interests of the child' standard aims to ensure decisions in juvenile justice focus on the child's welfare and rehabilitation.

A 'status offense' in juvenile justice refers to behaviors that are only considered offenses because of the offender's status as a juvenile.

The Victorian Era saw the emergence of houses of refuge as institutions aimed at reforming and rehabilitating juvenile offenders.

The 'age of criminal responsibility' in many legal systems is 18, although it can vary by jurisdiction.

Jeremy Bentham is credited with laying the groundwork for modern criminology with his utilitarian philosophy.

In re Gault (1967) established the right to counsel and due process protections for juveniles in delinquency proceedings.

G. Stanley Hall is credited with coining the term 'juvenile delinquent' in the late 19th century.

The National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges published the 'Model Juvenile Court Act' in 1969 to standardize juvenile court procedures.

The United Nations adopted the Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1989, establishing international standards for children's rights.

The 'balanced and restorative justice' model focuses on holding juveniles accountable through restitution to victims and reintegrating them into the community.

Jane Addams played a key role in the establishment of the first juvenile court in the United States as part of the Chicago Juvenile Court Committee.

Parens patriae is a legal principle allowing the state to act as a parent for juveniles in need of protection or intervention.

Restorative justice in juvenile justice focuses on rehabilitating offenders and repairing harm to the community.

The Civil Rights Movement significantly influenced the development of juvenile justice, leading to more equitable treatment and protections for juveniles.

The 'superpredator' theory has been criticized for stigmatizing youth and making inaccurate predictions about youth criminal behavior.

In Roper v. Simmons (2005), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the death penalty for juveniles violates the Eighth Amendment's prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment.

Doli incapax is the presumption that juveniles lack the mental capacity to form criminal intent, recognizing their immaturity and developmental stage.

McKeiver v. Pennsylvania (1971) established that juveniles do not have a constitutional right to a jury trial in delinquency proceedings.