#1
Which term refers to an oversimplified generalization about a group of people?
Bias
Stereotype
Discrimination
Prejudice
#2
Prejudice is primarily based on what?
Facts
Logic
Feelings or opinions
Scientific research
#3
Which term refers to the cognitive process in which we categorize individuals into social groups based on characteristics such as race, gender, and age?
Social differentiation
Stereotyping
Social categorization
Group dynamics
#4
The belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group or culture over others is known as:
Ethnocentrism
Xenophobia
Racism
Nationalism
#5
Which concept refers to the unjustified negative or harmful action toward a member of a group simply because of their membership in that group?
Prejudice
Stereotyping
Discrimination
Social categorization
#6
Which of the following best describes the term 'implicit bias'?
A bias that is expressed openly
A bias that is consciously recognized
A bias that operates outside of an individual's awareness
A bias confirmed through scientific methods
#7
The contact hypothesis suggests that intergroup contact under certain conditions can reduce prejudice. Which of the following is NOT one of those conditions?
Equal status between groups
Common goals
Support of authorities, laws, or customs
Different objectives
#8
Which theory explains prejudice as an expression of aggression that arises from frustration?
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Conflict theory
Realistic conflict theory
Social learning theory
#9
The tendency to attribute one's successes to personal factors and one's failures to situational factors is known as:
Fundamental attribution error
Self-serving bias
Confirmation bias
In-group bias
#10
Which psychological theory suggests that individuals split the world into 'in-groups' and 'out-groups' to enhance their self-esteem?
Cognitive dissonance theory
Social identity theory
Behaviorism
Psychoanalytic theory
#11
According to Allport's Contact Hypothesis, which factor is NOT crucial for reducing prejudice through intergroup contact?
Intergroup cooperation
Equal status
Personal conflict
Institutional support
#12
The phenomenon where individuals or groups are blamed for wrongs that they didn't commit, often because of their social status or ethnicity, is known as:
Moral panic
Scapegoating
Out-group bias
Stereotypical backlash
#13
Which of the following is a key component of reducing prejudice according to the jigsaw classroom technique?
Competitive games
Individual learning
Interdependence
Group punishment
#14
Which theory posits that intergroup conflict, and subsequently prejudice, arises from competition over scarce resources?
Conflict theory
Realistic conflict theory
Social identity theory
Cognitive dissonance theory
#15
Which phenomenon explains the tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others?
Stereotype activation
Fundamental attribution error
Confirmation bias
Self-fulfilling prophecy
#16
Microaggressions are best described as:
Large-scale acts of aggression between nations
Minor, often unconscious, instances of prejudice
Physical altercations that occur frequently in public spaces
Major discriminatory laws passed by a legislative body
#17
Which of the following strategies is NOT effective in reducing prejudice and discrimination?
Increasing awareness of in-group diversity
Promoting equal status contact between groups
Enforcing strict penalties for discriminatory behavior
Increasing segregation and reducing intergroup contact
#18
In the context of social psychology, 'color-blindness' refers to:
A visual impairment affecting the perception of colors
An ideological approach that emphasizes ignoring racial differences
The inability to recognize colors in dim lighting
A strategy for designing accessible web content
#19
Social identity theory suggests that prejudice is partly due to:
Personal grievances
Individual psychological disorders
A need to belong to a distinct group
Economic competition between groups
#20
Which concept refers to the fear that one might confirm the negative stereotypes about one's group?
Stereotype threat
Social desirability bias
Out-group homogeneity effect
Group polarization
#21
Out-group homogeneity effect refers to the tendency to:
View members of one's own group as more diverse than members of other groups
Favor members of one's own group over those of other groups
Recall stereotypical examples when thinking about a certain group
Underestimate the influence of the situation on the behavior of members of other groups
#22
The reduction of prejudice and discrimination through direct intervention programs in institutions is an example of:
Interpersonal contact approach
Cognitive-behavioral approach
Structural intervention
Educational approach
#23
System justification theory suggests that people have a need to:
Challenge and change societal status quos
View existing social, economic, and political arrangements as fair and legitimate
Reject any form of group hierarchy
Promote equality and justice in all forms
#24
What does the concept of 'intersectionality' primarily address?
The intersection of major roads in urban planning
The interaction between different species in an ecosystem
The overlapping or intersecting social identities and related systems of oppression, domination, or discrimination
The point where different musical notes intersect to create harmony
#25
The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is designed to measure:
Explicit racial attitudes and beliefs
Conscious preferences for certain races
Unconscious biases and associations
Intellectual abilities and aptitudes