#1
Which term refers to an oversimplified generalization about a group of people?
Stereotype
ExplanationStereotype is an oversimplified generalization about a group of people.
#2
Prejudice is primarily based on what?
Feelings or opinions
ExplanationPrejudice is primarily based on feelings or opinions.
#3
Which term refers to the cognitive process in which we categorize individuals into social groups based on characteristics such as race, gender, and age?
Social categorization
ExplanationSocial categorization is the cognitive process of categorizing individuals into social groups based on characteristics like race, gender, and age.
#4
The belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group or culture over others is known as:
Ethnocentrism
ExplanationEthnocentrism is the belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group or culture over others.
#5
Which concept refers to the unjustified negative or harmful action toward a member of a group simply because of their membership in that group?
Discrimination
ExplanationDiscrimination refers to unjustified negative or harmful actions toward a group member based on their group membership.
#6
Which of the following best describes the term 'implicit bias'?
A bias that operates outside of an individual's awareness
ExplanationImplicit bias is a bias that operates outside of an individual's awareness.
#7
The contact hypothesis suggests that intergroup contact under certain conditions can reduce prejudice. Which of the following is NOT one of those conditions?
Different objectives
ExplanationDifferent objectives is NOT a condition for reducing prejudice according to the contact hypothesis.
#8
Which theory explains prejudice as an expression of aggression that arises from frustration?
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
ExplanationThe frustration-aggression hypothesis explains prejudice as an expression of aggression arising from frustration.
#9
The tendency to attribute one's successes to personal factors and one's failures to situational factors is known as:
Self-serving bias
ExplanationSelf-serving bias is the tendency to attribute successes to personal factors and failures to situational factors.
#10
Which psychological theory suggests that individuals split the world into 'in-groups' and 'out-groups' to enhance their self-esteem?
Social identity theory
ExplanationSocial identity theory suggests that individuals create in-groups and out-groups to enhance their self-esteem.
#11
Social identity theory suggests that prejudice is partly due to:
A need to belong to a distinct group
ExplanationPrejudice, according to social identity theory, is partly due to a need to belong to a distinct group.
#12
Which concept refers to the fear that one might confirm the negative stereotypes about one's group?
Stereotype threat
ExplanationStereotype threat refers to the fear of confirming negative stereotypes about one's group.
#13
Out-group homogeneity effect refers to the tendency to:
View members of one's own group as more diverse than members of other groups
ExplanationOut-group homogeneity effect is the tendency to view members of one's own group as more diverse than members of other groups.
#14
The reduction of prejudice and discrimination through direct intervention programs in institutions is an example of:
Structural intervention
ExplanationReducing prejudice through direct intervention programs is an example of structural intervention.
#15
System justification theory suggests that people have a need to:
View existing social, economic, and political arrangements as fair and legitimate
ExplanationSystem justification theory suggests that people have a need to view existing social, economic, and political arrangements as fair and legitimate.