What does the term 'prevalence' represent in epidemiology?
The proportion of new cases in a population
The proportion of individuals with a specific condition at a specific point in time
The number of deaths in a population
The rate of transmission of a disease
#2
What is the term used to describe the process of identifying and counting cases of a particular disease or condition?
Surveillance
Outbreak investigation
Case finding
Contact tracing
#3
In epidemiology, what does the term 'incidence rate' represent?
The proportion of individuals with a specific condition at a specific point in time
The number of new cases of a disease in a population over a specific time period
The rate of recovery from a disease
The number of deaths in a population
#4
In epidemiology, what does the term 'exposure' refer to?
The outcome of interest in a study
A variable that may influence the outcome of interest
The rate of occurrence of a disease
The prevalence of a disease in a population
#5
What is the basic reproductive number (R0) in epidemiology?
The number of people infected at a given point in time
The average number of secondary infections produced by one infected individual in a completely susceptible population
The number of deaths caused by a disease
The total number of infected individuals over the course of an outbreak
#6
Which of the following is a measure of association used in epidemiology to assess the strength of a relationship between two variables?
P-value
Odds ratio
Confidence interval
Standard deviation
#7
In epidemiology, what does the term 'case-fatality rate' refer to?
The proportion of cases in a population
The proportion of deaths among confirmed cases of a particular disease
The rate of recovery from a disease
The incidence rate of a disease
#8
Which of the following epidemiological measures represents the number of new cases of a disease occurring in a population over a specific period of time?
Incidence
Prevalence
Mortality rate
Attack rate
#9
What is the purpose of a sensitivity analysis in epidemiological studies?
To assess the statistical power of a study
To evaluate the accuracy of diagnostic tests
To examine the impact of variations in key parameters on study results
To determine the external validity of the study findings
#10
What is the primary purpose of a cohort study in epidemiology?
To assess the prevalence of a disease in a population
To identify risk factors for a disease by following a group of individuals over time
To compare disease rates between different populations
To investigate outbreaks of infectious diseases
#11
What is the purpose of a meta-analysis in epidemiological research?
To explore the association between two variables in a single study
To combine and analyze the results of multiple studies on a specific topic
To estimate the prevalence of a disease in a population
To assess the validity of a diagnostic test
#12
What is the primary purpose of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study?
To estimate the prevalence of all diseases worldwide
To assess the impact of diseases on global health, including mortality and disability
To determine the incidence rate of infectious diseases
To evaluate the effectiveness of healthcare systems