#1
Which of the following factors contributes to personal identity?
Genetics
Social interactions
Both genetics and social interactions
None of the above
#2
According to Erik Erikson's theory, which stage is associated with the conflict of 'identity vs. role confusion'?
Infancy
Adolescence
Early adulthood
Old age
#3
According to the Big Five personality traits, which trait involves the tendency to be organized, responsible, and dependable?
Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
#4
According to Carl Rogers, what is necessary for psychological well-being?
Self-actualization
Social conformity
Material wealth
Physical health
#5
What does the term 'self-concept' refer to in psychology?
One's physical appearance
One's beliefs about oneself
One's social status
One's intellectual abilities
#6
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which needs must be met before individuals can fulfill higher-level needs?
Esteem needs
Self-actualization needs
Physiological needs
Safety needs
#7
Which theorist proposed the concept of 'self-schema'?
Erik Erikson
Sigmund Freud
Carl Rogers
Hazel Markus
#8
What is the term for the psychological distress caused by a mismatch between one's gender identity and assigned sex at birth?
Gender bias
Gender dysphoria
Gender confusion
Gender inequality
#9
What is the term for the process of re-evaluating one's self-concept and making changes based on one's experiences?
Identity foreclosure
Identity diffusion
Identity achievement
Identity moratorium
#10
In psychology, what does the term 'self-esteem' refer to?
Belief in one's abilities to succeed
Overall evaluation of one's worth
Ability to regulate one's emotions
Awareness of one's personal traits
#11
What is the main concept behind the continuity theory of personal identity?
Identity changes drastically over time
Identity remains consistent despite changes
Identity is determined solely by genetics
Identity is determined solely by social interactions
#12
According to self-discrepancy theory, what are the three domains of self?
Actual self, ideal self, and social self
Self-concept, self-esteem, and self-efficacy
Identity, personality, and behavior
Self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-motivation
#13
Which psychological theory proposes that individuals strive to maintain consistency between their self-concept and their behavior?
Self-determination theory
Self-consistency theory
Self-verification theory
Self-discrepancy theory
#14
Which theory suggests that individuals seek to maintain a stable and positive self-image by selectively interpreting information about themselves?
Self-consistency theory
Self-perception theory
Self-verification theory
Self-attribution theory