#1
What does the term 'prevalence' represent in epidemiology?
The proportion of individuals with a specific condition at a specific point in time
ExplanationPrevalence indicates the extent of a disease in a population at a given time.
#2
What is the term used to describe the process of identifying and counting cases of a particular disease or condition?
Case finding
ExplanationCase finding involves identifying disease cases for study or intervention.
#3
In epidemiology, what does the term 'incidence rate' represent?
The number of new cases of a disease in a population over a specific time period
ExplanationIncidence rate indicates the frequency of new disease cases.
#4
In epidemiology, what does the term 'exposure' refer to?
A variable that may influence the outcome of interest
ExplanationExposure refers to factors potentially affecting study outcomes.
#5
What is the basic reproductive number (R0) in epidemiology?
The average number of secondary infections produced by one infected individual in a completely susceptible population
ExplanationR0 measures how contagious a disease is.
#6
Which of the following is a measure of association used in epidemiology to assess the strength of a relationship between two variables?
Odds ratio
ExplanationOdds ratio quantifies the likelihood of an event occurring.
#7
In epidemiology, what does the term 'case-fatality rate' refer to?
The proportion of deaths among confirmed cases of a particular disease
ExplanationCase-fatality rate reflects the severity of a disease.
#8
Which of the following epidemiological measures represents the number of new cases of a disease occurring in a population over a specific period of time?
Incidence
ExplanationIncidence quantifies the rate of new disease cases.
#9
What is the purpose of a sensitivity analysis in epidemiological studies?
To examine the impact of variations in key parameters on study results
ExplanationSensitivity analysis assesses the robustness of study findings.
#10
What is the primary purpose of a cohort study in epidemiology?
To identify risk factors for a disease by following a group of individuals over time
ExplanationCohort studies track individuals to determine causative factors.
#11
What is the purpose of a meta-analysis in epidemiological research?
To combine and analyze the results of multiple studies on a specific topic
ExplanationMeta-analysis synthesizes evidence from various studies.
#12
What is the primary purpose of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study?
To assess the impact of diseases on global health, including mortality and disability
ExplanationGBD study evaluates the health impact of diseases worldwide.