#1
Which of the following best defines consumer behavior?
The study of how businesses make purchasing decisions
The study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy their needs and wants
The analysis of market trends
The study of advertising effectiveness
#2
What is the primary goal of understanding consumer behavior in marketing?
To manipulate consumers into buying products they don't need
To maximize profits regardless of consumer satisfaction
To understand how and why consumers make purchasing decisions
To increase advertising expenditure
#3
What is the term for a group to which an individual relates or aspires to belong?
Reference group
Primary group
Secondary group
Social class
#4
Which of the following is NOT a stage in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
Physiological needs
Social needs
Esteem needs
Experiential needs
#5
Which of the following is NOT a type of consumer buying decision?
Routine decision
Impulse decision
Extended decision
B2B decision
#6
Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing consumer behavior?
Cultural factors
Psychological factors
Economic factors
Political factors
#7
What is the term for the process of consumers recognizing their needs and wants, then searching for information about products or services that might satisfy them?
Post-purchase evaluation
Information processing
Problem recognition
Decision-making
#8
Which theory suggests that individuals strive for consistency between their attitudes and their behaviors?
Theory of Planned Behavior
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
Elaboration Likelihood Model
Hierarchy of Needs Theory
#9
Which type of consumer decision-making involves high involvement but significant differences between brands?
Routinized response behavior
Limited decision-making
Extended decision-making
Impulse buying
#10
What is the term for a marketing strategy where a company offers a low-priced product to attract consumers, with the intention of upselling higher-priced items later?
Penetration pricing
Price skimming
Loss leader
Bait and switch
#11
In the consumer decision-making process, what comes immediately after the evaluation of alternatives?
Problem recognition
Information search
Purchase decision
Post-purchase evaluation
#12
What is the term for a tendency for consumers to base their judgments on information that is readily available?
Anchoring bias
Confirmation bias
Availability heuristic
Representativeness heuristic
#13
What is the term for the process of identifying and assessing information sources used by consumers during their decision-making process?
Market segmentation
Information processing
Customer relationship management
Channel analysis
#14
In the context of consumer decision-making, what is the term for a tendency to attribute positive outcomes to oneself and negative outcomes to external factors?
Self-serving bias
Confirmation bias
Fundamental attribution error
Recency effect
#15
According to the Elaboration Likelihood Model, which route to persuasion involves a deep consideration of information and relies on cognitive elaboration?
Central route
Peripheral route
Intrusive route
Extrinsic route