#1
Who is known for the classical conditioning experiment involving dogs?
Ivan Pavlov
B.F. Skinner
Sigmund Freud
Albert Bandura
#2
Which psychologist is known for his/her work on observational learning?
Albert Bandura
Ivan Pavlov
B.F. Skinner
Edward Thorndike
#3
Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?
A dog salivating at the sound of a bell
A rat pressing a lever to receive food
A child receiving a sticker for completing homework
A student studying harder after failing a test
#4
Who proposed the concept of the law of effect, which is foundational to operant conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
John B. Watson
B.F. Skinner
Edward Thorndike
#5
In classical conditioning, what is the neutral stimulus?
The response to the unconditioned stimulus
The stimulus that naturally elicits a response
The stimulus that initially does not elicit a response
The response that occurs without prior conditioning
#6
In classical conditioning, what is the unconditioned response?
The learned response to the conditioned stimulus
The neutral stimulus that becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus
The automatic response to the unconditioned stimulus
The absence of response before conditioning
#7
What is the process called when a conditioned response disappears over time due to lack of reinforcement?
Spontaneous recovery
Extinction
Generalization
Discrimination
#8
Who proposed the idea of operant conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
John B. Watson
B.F. Skinner
Edward Thorndike
#9
What is a primary reinforcer in operant conditioning?
A reinforcer that is inherently reinforcing, such as food or water
A reinforcer that gains its value through association with primary reinforcers
A reinforcer that is not related to the behavior being reinforced
A reinforcer that is only effective in certain situations
#10
What is the term for the process of gradually shaping behavior through successive approximations?
Chaining
Molding
Shaping
Modeling
#11
In operant conditioning, what is negative reinforcement?
The addition of something unpleasant to decrease a behavior
The removal of something pleasant to decrease a behavior
The addition of something unpleasant to increase a behavior
The removal of something unpleasant to increase a behavior
#12
What is vicarious reinforcement?
Reinforcement that is directly experienced by the individual
Reinforcement that occurs through observing someone else being reinforced
Reinforcement that is not contingent upon behavior
Reinforcement that is intentionally withheld to decrease behavior
#13
What is the term for the weakening and eventual disappearance of a conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the conditioned stimulus?
Extinction
Generalization
Discrimination
Spontaneous recovery
#14
What is the term for the process of pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response?
Generalization
Extinction
Discrimination
Acquisition
#15
Which learning theory emphasizes the importance of internal mental processes and thoughts in behavior?
Behaviorism
Cognitive-behavioral theory
Social learning theory
Humanistic psychology