Classical Conditioning and Learning Theories in Psychology Quiz

Pavlov conducted experiments with dogs, demonstrating classical conditioning by associating a bell with food, causing the dogs to salivate at the sound alone.

Bandura is recognized for his contributions to observational learning theory, emphasizing the role of modeling and imitation in learning.

This exemplifies classical conditioning where an initially neutral stimulus (bell) becomes associated with a reflexive response (salivation).

Thorndike's law of effect posits that behaviors followed by positive consequences are strengthened, while those followed by negative consequences are weakened.

A neutral stimulus doesn't initially trigger a response but becomes a conditioned stimulus through association with an unconditioned stimulus.

It is the innate, unlearned reaction triggered by an unconditioned stimulus before any conditioning.

Extinction occurs when a conditioned response weakens and eventually disappears if the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus.

Skinner introduced the concept of operant conditioning, focusing on the consequences of behavior to shape and control it.

Primary reinforcers are inherently satisfying, like basic needs, and don't require learning to be reinforcing.

Shaping involves reinforcing behaviors that progressively resemble the desired behavior, guiding the subject toward the target behavior.

Negative reinforcement involves taking away an aversive stimulus to strengthen or increase a behavior.

Vicarious reinforcement is when an individual is more likely to repeat a behavior after seeing someone else being reinforced for that behavior.

Extinction occurs when the conditioned response diminishes due to the absence of the unconditioned stimulus.

Acquisition involves associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to create a conditioned response.

Cognitive-behavioral theory integrates cognitive processes with behaviorism, emphasizing mental factors and thoughts in understanding and modifying behavior.