Who is known for introducing the concept of operant conditioning?
B.F. Skinner
Ivan Pavlov
Albert Bandura
John B. Watson
#3
What is the process of habituation?
The weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response
The process of learning through rewards and punishments
The gradual increase in the strength and frequency of a response
The decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated presentations
#4
What is the concept of observational learning?
Learning through the association of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus
Learning that occurs through observation and imitation of others
The tendency to respond to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus
The weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response
#5
What is the concept of vicarious reinforcement?
Learning through the association of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus
Learning that occurs through observing someone else being reinforced for a behavior
The tendency to respond to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus
The weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response
#6
What is shaping in the context of behaviorism?
Gradually molding or reinforcing behaviors closer to the desired behavior
Reinforcing a response only part of the time
Learning through the consequences of one's actions
Learning through observation and imitation
#7
In the context of behaviorism, what does the term 'extinction' refer to?
The spontaneous recovery of a response after a delay
The reappearance of a conditioned response after it had been extinguished
The weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response
The association between a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus
#8
What is the concept of spontaneous recovery?
The reappearance of a conditioned response after it had been extinguished
The weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response
The association between a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus
The gradual increase in the strength and frequency of a response
#9
In classical conditioning, what is an unconditioned stimulus?
A previously neutral stimulus that, through repeated association, elicits a conditioned response
A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response
A response that is elicited by a conditioned stimulus after it has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus
A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus
#10
What is the Law of Effect proposed by Edward Thorndike?
Behaviors followed by favorable consequences are more likely to be repeated, while behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences are less likely to be repeated
Behaviors followed by favorable consequences are less likely to be repeated, while behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences are more likely to be repeated
Learning occurs through the association of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus
Learning occurs through the observation and imitation of others
#11
What is the difference between positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement?
Positive reinforcement adds a stimulus to increase a behavior; negative reinforcement removes a stimulus to increase a behavior
Positive reinforcement removes a stimulus to increase a behavior; negative reinforcement adds a stimulus to increase a behavior
Positive reinforcement adds a stimulus to decrease a behavior; negative reinforcement removes a stimulus to decrease a behavior
Positive reinforcement removes a stimulus to decrease a behavior; negative reinforcement adds a stimulus to decrease a behavior
#12
What is the primary difference between classical and operant conditioning?