#1
In which phase of the viral life cycle does the virus attach to the host cell?
Biosynthesis
Attachment
Maturation
Release
#2
Which viral component is often used for classification and naming of viruses?
Viral envelope
Viral RNA
Viral capsid
Viral matrix
#3
What is the term for a virus that infects bacteria?
Bacteriophage
Viroid
Prion
Retrovirus
#4
What is the primary function of the viral capsid?
Facilitating viral attachment
Protecting the viral genome
Regulating host cell functions
Providing structural support
#5
What is the term for the process by which a virus enters a host cell?
Adsorption
Penetration
Maturation
Release
#6
What is the primary function of the viral envelope?
Protection of the viral genome
Facilitation of viral attachment to host cells
Enzymatic activities
Regulation of viral replication
#7
Which type of virus is known to integrate its genetic material into the host genome?
Retrovirus
Herpesvirus
Orthomyxovirus
Papillomavirus
#8
Which enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of viral RNA from the viral DNA template in the retroviral life cycle?
Reverse transcriptase
RNA polymerase
DNA ligase
Helicase
#9
During which phase of the viral life cycle does the viral genome get replicated?
Maturation
Attachment
Biosynthesis
Release
#10
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of RNA viruses?
They replicate in the host cell nucleus.
They have a DNA genome.
They use reverse transcriptase during replication.
They lack a protein coat (capsid).
#11
During which stage of the viral life cycle are new viral particles assembled and released from the host cell?
Penetration
Maturation
Release
Biosynthesis
#12
What is the primary determinant of host cell specificity in viral infections?
Viral envelope proteins
Viral RNA
Viral capsid proteins
Viral polymerase
#13
What is the primary difference between lytic and lysogenic cycles in bacteriophages?
Lytic cycle involves host cell lysis, while lysogenic cycle integrates viral DNA into the host genome.
Lytic cycle only occurs in eukaryotic cells, while lysogenic cycle occurs in prokaryotic cells.
Lytic cycle results in the formation of prophages, while lysogenic cycle releases new viral particles.
Lytic cycle does not involve the destruction of host cells, unlike the lysogenic cycle.
#14
What is the term for the phenomenon where a virus can remain in a latent state within the host cell without causing immediate harm?
Lysis
Latency
Virulence
Apoptosis
#15
Which type of viral genome consists of single-stranded RNA that can serve as mRNA for protein synthesis upon entering the host cell?
Double-stranded DNA
Single-stranded DNA
Positive-sense single-stranded RNA
Negative-sense single-stranded RNA