#1
Which theory suggests that human behavior is largely influenced by unconscious motives?
Behaviorism
Functionalism
Psychoanalysis
Cognitive Theory
#2
Which theory in psychology emphasizes the importance of unconscious processes and childhood experiences?
Behaviorism
Humanism
Psychoanalytic Theory
Cognitive Psychology
#3
In the context of social stratification, the term 'meritocracy' refers to a system where status and mobility are based on:
Individual merit and achievement
Family and kinship ties
Wealth and property ownership
Age and experience
#4
Which concept describes the invisible barrier that prevents women and minorities from ascending to the top ranks of organizations, regardless of their qualifications or achievements?
Gender discrimination
The glass escalator
The glass ceiling
Institutional sexism
#5
The concept of 'Tabula Rasa' proposes that individuals are born without built-in mental content and that all knowledge comes from:
Genetic inheritance
Experience or perception
Divine intervention
Logical reasoning
#6
In sociology, which theory views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability?
Conflict Theory
Symbolic Interactionism
Structural Functionalism
Social Constructionism
#7
Who introduced the concept of 'The Social Contract', suggesting that people give up some freedoms in exchange for security provided by the state?
John Locke
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Thomas Hobbes
Karl Marx
#8
What concept, introduced by Emile Durkheim, refers to the degree of integration or cohesion within a society?
Social Solidarity
Anomie
Collective Conscience
Mechanical Solidarity
#9
The 'Bystander Effect' suggests that the presence of others discourages an individual from intervening in an emergency situation. This concept is a study in:
Criminology
Social Psychology
Ethics
Developmental Psychology
#10
Who is considered the father of modern sociology, known for his theory of social action and verstehen (understanding)?
Emile Durkheim
Max Weber
Karl Marx
Auguste Comte
#11
Margaret Mead's research in Samoa primarily challenged which of the following Western assumptions?
Economic structures determine cultural norms.
Adolescent turmoil is biologically determined and universal.
Political systems are the primary determinant of societal organization.
Technological advancements drive social change.
#12
The 'Looking-Glass Self' theory, which suggests that a person's sense of self develops from interpersonal interactions and the perceptions of others, was proposed by:
Charles Horton Cooley
George Herbert Mead
Erving Goffman
Karl Marx
#13
Which of the following concepts is central to Karl Marx's critique of capitalist society?
Role strain
Alienation from labor
The looking-glass self
Generalized other
#14
Which principle posits that individuals will exert less effort to achieve a goal when they work in a group than when they work alone?
Group polarization
Social loafing
The Hawthorne effect
Cognitive dissonance
#15
Who proposed the 'Eight Stages of Human Development', a theory that suggests individuals go through a series of psychosocial crises throughout their lifespan?
Jean Piaget
Erik Erikson
Sigmund Freud
B.F. Skinner
#16
The 'Stanford Prison Experiment' conducted by Philip Zimbardo demonstrated the power of:
Group dynamics and conformity
Social roles and situational factors on behavior
Innate personality traits on behavior under stress
The bystander effect in emergency situations
#17
Pierre Bourdieu's theory of cultural capital suggests that:
Wealth is the only form of power in social hierarchies
Non-economic resources can contribute to social mobility and class status
Cultural knowledge is not valuable in social stratification
Educational attainment is irrelevant to social status
#18
The 'Iron Cage' metaphor, used by Max Weber, describes:
The inescapable control of bureaucratic organizations over individuals
The psychological imprisonment by one's own rational calculations
The structural limitations imposed by the capitalist system
The constraints of traditional social roles on personal freedom
#19
The 'Hawthorne Effect' demonstrates how individuals alter their behavior due to the awareness of being observed. This phenomenon was first identified in which field of study?
Psychology
Sociology
Anthropology
Industrial and Organizational Psychology
#20
The concept of 'Cultural Relativism' argues that:
All cultures share the same moral truths.
A person's beliefs and activities should be understood based on that individual's own culture.
Culture is irrelevant in the study of human behavior.
There are universal standards that apply to all cultures.
#21
The 'Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis' is concerned with how:
Economic systems influence cultural values
Language shapes our perception of reality
Biological factors determine human behavior
Social hierarchies influence individual psychology
#22
The term 'McDonaldization' of society refers to:
The spread of American culture and fast-food chains globally
The dominance of fast-food chains in the American diet
The process by which the principles of the fast-food industry dominate other sectors of society
The economic impact of fast-food chains on global economies
#23
The concept of 'Double Consciousness' was introduced by W.E.B. Du Bois to describe:
The internal conflict experienced by subordinated groups in an oppressive society
The division of an individual's identity into two or more social realities
The psychological challenge of reconciling an African heritage with a European upbringing and education
The sense of always looking at one's self through the eyes of others
#24
Which of the following is a foundational concept in Ethnomethodology?
Role strain
Social facts
Indexicality
The power elite
#25
Intersectionality is a framework that:
Focuses solely on gender inequality
Analyzes social inequality as a multi-dimensional phenomenon
Argues that class is the primary determinant of inequality
Denies the impact of ethnicity and race on social status