#1
Which of the following best describes the concept of 'fight-or-flight' response?
A state of rest and relaxation
A physiological reaction to a perceived harmful event, attack, or threat to survival
A mental strategy to avoid confrontation
A response to hunger
#2
Which of the following is a characteristic of altruistic behavior?
It benefits others at a cost to oneself.
It benefits oneself at a cost to others.
It only occurs in humans, not in other animals.
It is always motivated by personal gain.
#3
Which brain structure is primarily responsible for regulating basic survival functions such as breathing and heart rate?
Cerebellum
Hypothalamus
Cerebral cortex
Amygdala
#4
What is a common behavioral response to stress?
Increased appetite
Increased sleep duration
Decreased heart rate
Increased irritability
#5
How does the 'tend-and-befriend' response differ from the 'fight-or-flight' response?
It involves seeking social support and bonding.
It involves aggressive behavior towards the threat.
It involves hiding or escaping from the threat.
It involves freezing and assessing the situation.
#6
What is the role of the prefrontal cortex in decision-making?
It is responsible for emotional responses.
It evaluates risks and rewards, helping in decision-making.
It controls basic survival functions.
It regulates breathing and heart rate.
#7
How does the 'bystander effect' influence behavior in emergencies?
It decreases the likelihood of intervention by individuals in a group.
It increases the likelihood of intervention by individuals in a group.
It has no effect on intervention behavior.
It increases the likelihood of intervention only in trained individuals.
#8
What is the role of mirror neurons in human behavior?
They are responsible for reflecting light into the eyes.
They help in understanding and imitating the actions of others.
They control involuntary muscle movements.
They are involved in processing visual information.
#9
What is the bystander effect?
The tendency for people to perform better on tasks when they are being watched
The phenomenon where individuals are less likely to help in an emergency situation when others are present
The tendency for people to conform to the group's behavior and opinions
The phenomenon where people are more likely to remember information that confirms their preconceptions
#10
Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing conformity?
Group size
Presence of an ally
Cultural background
Gender
#11
What is cognitive dissonance?
The discomfort experienced when holding conflicting beliefs or attitudes
The tendency to overestimate the influence of internal factors and underestimate the influence of external factors when making judgments about others' behavior
The tendency to attribute one's own behavior to external factors and others' behavior to internal factors
The tendency to focus on information that confirms one's preconceptions
#12
Which of the following is an example of social facilitation?
A student performs better on a test when alone than when being watched by others
A soccer player performs better during practice than during a real match
A musician performs better in front of a large audience than in front of a small audience
A person conforms to the group's opinion to avoid conflict
#13
What is the fundamental attribution error?
The tendency to attribute one's own behavior to internal factors and others' behavior to external factors
The tendency to overestimate the influence of external factors and underestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about others' behavior
The tendency to focus on information that confirms one's preconceptions
The tendency to conform to the group's behavior and opinions
#14
Which of the following is an example of a defense mechanism?
A person becomes extremely anxious when faced with a phobia
A person refuses to acknowledge evidence of their own behavior
A person learns to control their anger in stressful situations
A person seeks professional help to overcome a mental health issue
#15
What is the purpose of the Stanford prison experiment?
To study the effects of authority on obedience
To study the effects of group pressure on conformity
To study the effects of cognitive dissonance on behavior
To study the effects of social facilitation on performance
#16
Which of the following is a criticism of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
It is too focused on individualistic cultures
It does not account for the role of social relationships in motivation
It does not provide a clear distinction between lower and higher-order needs
It is not based on empirical research
#17
What is the main difference between individualistic and collectivistic cultures?
Individualistic cultures emphasize personal goals and self-identity, while collectivistic cultures emphasize group goals and social identity
Individualistic cultures value conformity, while collectivistic cultures value independence
Individualistic cultures prioritize harmony and interdependence, while collectivistic cultures prioritize competition and individual achievement
Individualistic cultures are more likely to have hierarchical social structures than collectivistic cultures
#18
What is the concept of 'social loafing'?
The tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually
The tendency for individuals to perform better on tasks when they are being watched
The tendency for individuals to conform to the group's behavior and opinions
The tendency for individuals to be more likely to help in an emergency situation when others are present
#19
Which of the following is an example of a gene-environment interaction?
A genetic predisposition to obesity leading to overeating in an environment with abundant food.
A genetic mutation causing a sudden change in behavior.
An environmental toxin directly altering a gene's structure.
A genetic predisposition to a certain phobia.
#20
Which of the following best describes the concept of neuroplasticity?
The brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections
The brain's inability to change and adapt
The brain's ability to remain rigid in response to new experiences
The brain's ability to store memories permanently