#1
What is attitude in psychology?
A specific behavior
A mental state involving beliefs and feelings
A physical gesture
A form of communication
#2
What is the halo effect in the context of attitudes?
The tendency to judge someone based on a single trait or characteristic
The belief that attitudes are shaped by celestial bodies
A phenomenon related to cognitive dissonance
The influence of peer pressure on attitudes
#3
What is the difference between explicit and implicit attitudes?
Explicit attitudes are conscious and intentional, while implicit attitudes are unconscious and automatic.
Explicit attitudes involve emotions, while implicit attitudes involve cognition.
Explicit attitudes are stable, while implicit attitudes are constantly changing.
Explicit attitudes are related to behavior, while implicit attitudes are not.
#4
What is the role of cognitive dissonance in attitude change?
It reinforces existing attitudes
It creates a state of discomfort that motivates attitude change
It has no impact on attitudes
It is solely related to emotional attitudes
#5
In the context of attitudes, what is the difference between explicit and implicit measures?
Explicit measures are unconscious, while implicit measures are conscious.
Explicit measures rely on self-report, while implicit measures assess automatic associations.
Explicit measures are more reliable, while implicit measures are subjective.
Implicit measures are stable, while explicit measures are dynamic.
#6
Which component of attitude involves evaluation of an object, person, or situation as positive or negative?
Affective component
Behavioral component
Cognitive component
Operational component
#7
Who proposed the Tripartite Model of Attitudes, which includes the affective, behavioral, and cognitive components?
Sigmund Freud
Leon Festinger
Albert Bandura
Icek Ajzen
#8
Which of the following is NOT one of the six basic emotions proposed by Paul Ekman?
#9
According to the theory of reasoned action, what two factors influence behavioral intentions?
Attitudes and stereotypes
Attitudes and subjective norms
Cognitions and emotions
Cognitive dissonance and self-perception
#10
In social psychology, what does the term 'ingroup' refer to?
A group to which an individual does not belong
A group to which an individual belongs
A group with conflicting interests
A group with diverse opinions
#11
What is the term for the process of changing one's attitudes or beliefs to be consistent with one's actions?
Cognitive dissonance
Attitude inoculation
Social comparison
Persuasion
#12
Which theory suggests that people are motivated to reduce uncertainty and ambiguity by seeking information in order to form accurate attitudes?
Elaboration Likelihood Model
Social Identity Theory
Uncertainty Reduction Theory
Self-perception Theory
#13
What is the central route to persuasion in the Elaboration Likelihood Model?
Emotional appeal
Peripheral cues
Cognitive processing
Social influence
#14
Who introduced the concept of the mere exposure effect, suggesting that familiarity breeds liking?
Richard Lazarus
Robert Cialdini
Robert Zajonc
Irving Janis
#15
What is the mere presence of others improving an individual's performance called?
Social loafing
Social facilitation
Group polarization
Conformity