#1
In the nature vs. nurture debate, which refers to the influence of genetics on behavior?
Nature
Nurture
Interactionism
Environment
#2
Who developed the hierarchy of needs in psychology?
Sigmund Freud
B.F. Skinner
Abraham Maslow
Erik Erikson
#3
What is the main concept behind Albert Bandura's social learning theory?
Operant conditioning
Classical conditioning
Observational learning and modeling
Cognitive dissonance
#4
Which stage in Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory is characterized by the conflict of industry vs. inferiority?
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Initiative vs. Guilt
Industry vs. Inferiority
Identity vs. Role Confusion
#5
Which type of learning involves the association between a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response?
Operant conditioning
Observational learning
Classical conditioning
Insight learning
#6
What is the primary focus of the psychoanalytic perspective in psychology?
Observable behavior
Unconscious conflicts and early experiences
Cognitive processes
Environmental influences
#7
Which psychological perspective focuses on unconscious processes and childhood experiences?
Behavioral
Cognitive
Psychoanalytic
Humanistic
#8
What is the primary function of the amygdala in the human brain?
Memory storage
Emotional processing
Motor control
Language comprehension
#9
According to Erik Erikson, what is the primary developmental task during the adolescence stage?
Trust vs. Mistrust
Integrity vs. Despair
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Generativity vs. Stagnation
#10
Which neurotransmitter is associated with feelings of pleasure and reward?
Serotonin
Dopamine
GABA
Acetylcholine
#11
In the context of stress, what does the 'fight or flight' response refer to?
The body's reaction to chronic stress
A coping mechanism involving physical activity
The body's immediate physiological response to a perceived threat
A relaxation technique
#12
What is the term for the tendency to attribute one's own thoughts and feelings to others?
Empathy
Projection
Transference
Reaction formation
#13
What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals in a group tend to exert less effort?
Social loafing
Groupthink
Conformity
Norming
#14
What is the primary focus of social cognitive theory?
Unconscious desires
Observable behavior
Cognitive processes and observational learning
Conditioned responses
#15
Which of the following is a defense mechanism identified by Freud that involves attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to another person?
Sublimation
Projection
Rationalization
Regression
#16
Who is known for his research on obedience to authority, particularly the Milgram experiment?
Philip Zimbardo
Stanley Milgram
Solomon Asch
John Watson
#17
What is the central idea behind Carl Rogers' person-centered therapy?
Uncovering unconscious conflicts
Changing maladaptive behaviors
Creating a supportive and empathetic therapeutic relationship
Analyzing dream symbolism
#18
What does the Hawthorne effect refer to in the field of psychology?
The tendency for people to perform better when they know they are being observed
The impact of genetics on behavior
The role of environmental factors in shaping personality
The influence of unconscious desires on decision-making