#1
In the nature vs. nurture debate, which refers to the influence of genetics on behavior?
Nature
ExplanationGenetic influence on behavior in the nature vs. nurture debate.
#2
Who developed the hierarchy of needs in psychology?
Abraham Maslow
ExplanationAbraham Maslow developed the hierarchy of needs in psychology.
#3
What is the main concept behind Albert Bandura's social learning theory?
Observational learning and modeling
ExplanationMain concept is observational learning and modeling.
#4
Which stage in Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory is characterized by the conflict of industry vs. inferiority?
Industry vs. Inferiority
ExplanationConflict of industry vs. inferiority in Erik Erikson's theory during this stage.
#5
Which type of learning involves the association between a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response?
Classical conditioning
ExplanationLearning involving association between neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus, leading to conditioned response, is classical conditioning.
#6
What is the primary focus of the psychoanalytic perspective in psychology?
Unconscious conflicts and early experiences
ExplanationPrimary focus is on unconscious conflicts and early experiences in psychoanalytic perspective.
#7
Which psychological perspective emphasizes the role of social and cultural factors in shaping behavior?
Sociocultural
ExplanationEmphasizes the role of social and cultural factors in shaping behavior.
#8
Which neurotransmitter is often associated with the regulation of sleep, mood, and appetite?
Serotonin
ExplanationOften associated with the regulation of sleep, mood, and appetite.
#9
What is the primary focus of the humanistic perspective in psychology?
Self-actualization and personal growth
ExplanationPrimary focus is on self-actualization and personal growth in the humanistic perspective.
#10
Which psychological perspective focuses on unconscious processes and childhood experiences?
Psychoanalytic
ExplanationFocuses on unconscious processes and childhood experiences for understanding behavior.
#11
What is the primary function of the amygdala in the human brain?
Emotional processing
ExplanationPrimary role is processing emotions in the human brain.
#12
According to Erik Erikson, what is the primary developmental task during the adolescence stage?
Identity vs. Role Confusion
ExplanationPrimary task is resolving identity vs. role confusion in adolescence.
#13
Which neurotransmitter is associated with feelings of pleasure and reward?
Dopamine
ExplanationDopamine is associated with pleasure and reward feelings.
#14
In the context of stress, what does the 'fight or flight' response refer to?
The body's immediate physiological response to a perceived threat
ExplanationImmediate physiological response to threat is the 'fight or flight' response.
#15
What is the term for the tendency to attribute one's own thoughts and feelings to others?
Projection
ExplanationTendency to attribute one's thoughts and feelings to others is projection.
#16
Which neurotransmitter is often associated with mood regulation and is implicated in conditions like depression?
Serotonin
ExplanationSerotonin is often associated with mood regulation and implicated in conditions like depression.
#17
In social psychology, what term is used to describe the tendency to attribute positive traits to individuals we like and negative traits to those we dislike?
Halo effect
ExplanationTendency to attribute positive traits to liked individuals and negative traits to disliked individuals is the halo effect.
#18
Which stage in Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory is associated with the conflict of integrity vs. despair?
Integrity vs. Despair
ExplanationAssociated with the conflict of integrity vs. despair in Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory.
#19
In the context of classical conditioning, what is the term for the gradual weakening of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus?
Extinction
ExplanationGradual weakening of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus is extinction.
#20
What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals in a group tend to exert less effort?
Social loafing
ExplanationGroup members exerting less effort, known as social loafing.
#21
What is the primary focus of social cognitive theory?
Cognitive processes and observational learning
ExplanationFocuses on cognitive processes and observational learning.
#22
Which of the following is a defense mechanism identified by Freud that involves attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to another person?
Projection
ExplanationDefense mechanism: attributing unacceptable thoughts/feelings to others is projection.
#23
Who is known for his research on obedience to authority, particularly the Milgram experiment?
Stanley Milgram
ExplanationStanley Milgram is known for research on obedience to authority, including the Milgram experiment.
#24
What is the central idea behind Carl Rogers' person-centered therapy?
Creating a supportive and empathetic therapeutic relationship
ExplanationCentral idea is creating a supportive and empathetic therapeutic relationship in person-centered therapy.
#25
What does the Hawthorne effect refer to in the field of psychology?
The tendency for people to perform better when they know they are being observed
ExplanationRefers to the tendency for people to perform better when they know they are being observed.