Psychological Concepts and Principles Quiz

Explore cognitive psychology with this quiz. Assess your understanding of key concepts like attribution, conditioning, memory, and motivation.

#1

Which psychological concept refers to the tendency to attribute one's own thoughts and feelings to others?

Projection
Regression
Introspection
Sublimation
#2

What is the term for the process of changing existing schemas or creating new ones to adapt to new information?

Assimilation
Accommodation
Equilibration
Cognitive restructuring
#3

Which type of reinforcement involves the removal of an unpleasant stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior?

Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Punishment
Extinction
#4

What is the term for the tendency to attribute other people's behaviors to internal factors and our own behaviors to situational factors?

Actor-observer bias
Self-serving bias
Confirmation bias
Halo effect
#5

What term is used to describe the phenomenon where people tend to remember information better when it is presented at the beginning and end of a list?

Serial position effect
Spacing effect
Primacy effect
Recency effect
#6

In classical conditioning, what term describes the weakening of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus?

Extinction
Generalization
Discrimination
Spontaneous recovery
#7

Which influential psychologist proposed the hierarchy of needs, suggesting that human motivation is based on a pyramid of priorities?

Erik Erikson
Jean Piaget
Abraham Maslow
B.F. Skinner
#8

Which neurotransmitter is often associated with pleasure, reward, and mood regulation?

Serotonin
Dopamine
GABA
Acetylcholine
#9

Who is known for the social identity theory, proposing that individuals categorize themselves and others into social groups to enhance their self-esteem?

Leon Festinger
John Bowlby
Tajfel and Turner
Solomon Asch
#10

In the context of memory, what term is used for the inability to recall information that was previously stored in memory?

Amnesia
Anterograde amnesia
Retrograde amnesia
Forgetfulness
#11

Who proposed the theory of multiple intelligences, suggesting that intelligence is not a single, fixed trait but a collection of distinct abilities?

Howard Gardner
Alfred Binet
David Wechsler
Charles Spearman
#12

Who developed the concept of operant conditioning and introduced the Skinner Box as a tool for studying behavior?

Sigmund Freud
John Watson
B.F. Skinner
Ivan Pavlov
#13

What term is used to describe the cognitive bias where individuals tend to attribute their successes to internal factors and their failures to external factors?

Fundamental attribution error
Self-serving bias
Confirmation bias
Cognitive dissonance
#14

In the context of memory, what term is used for the phenomenon where an old memory interferes with the recall of a new memory?

Proactive interference
Retroactive interference
Flashbulb memory
Semantic memory
#15

What term is used to describe the phenomenon where people tend to remember the first and last items in a list better than those in the middle?

Primacy effect
Recency effect
Serial position effect
Spacing effect
#16

According to Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory, what is the primary crisis in the stage of adolescence?

Integrity vs. Despair
Industry vs. Inferiority
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Trust vs. Mistrust
#17

What term is used for the tendency to remember and emphasize information that confirms our existing beliefs or attitudes?

Cognitive dissonance
Confirmation bias
Hindsight bias
Availability heuristic
#18

According to Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory, what term describes the process of learning by observing and imitating others?

Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Modeling
Insight learning
#19

In the context of memory, what term is used to describe the process of bringing to mind information that has been previously encoded and stored?

Recognition
Recall
Rehearsal
Retrieval

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