#1
Which of the following is NOT a basic need according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
Physiological
Esteem
Belongingness
Curiosity
#2
Which neurotransmitter is commonly associated with feelings of pleasure and reward?
Serotonin
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
Endorphin
#3
What is the term for the process of comparing oneself to others in order to evaluate one's abilities, opinions, and emotions?
Social comparison
Self-assessment
Peer evaluation
Conformity
#4
Which type of motivation is driven by external rewards such as money, fame, or praise?
Extrinsic motivation
Intrinsic motivation
Autonomous motivation
Self-determination
#5
What is the term for the phenomenon where the presence of others enhances an individual's performance?
Social facilitation
Social loafing
Groupthink
Deindividuation
#6
Which neurotransmitter is associated with feelings of relaxation and well-being?
Dopamine
Serotonin
Endorphin
Norepinephrine
#7
What is the primary focus of the drive-reduction theory of motivation?
The role of unconscious desires
The influence of external rewards
The satisfaction of biological needs
The importance of cognitive appraisal
#8
According to Self-Determination Theory, what are the three basic psychological needs that drive human behavior?
Power, achievement, affiliation
Autonomy, competence, relatedness
Security, socializing, status
Approval, recognition, control
#9
What is the concept of 'flow' in the context of motivation and psychology?
A state of complete disengagement from tasks
A state of optimal experience and deep concentration
A state of confusion and lack of direction
A state of passive observation
#10
According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, what is the relationship between arousal and performance?
Low arousal always leads to high performance
High arousal always leads to high performance
Moderate arousal leads to optimal performance
Arousal does not affect performance
#11
Which theory of motivation suggests that individuals are motivated to maintain an optimal level of physiological arousal?
Hierarchy of Needs Theory
Arousal Theory
Drive-Reduction Theory
Self-Determination Theory
#12
According to the Expectancy Theory of Motivation, what three factors influence an individual's motivation to perform a task?
Effort, performance, outcome
Effort, expectancy, valence
Effort, persistence, goal-setting
Effort, ability, opportunity
#13
Which motivational theory emphasizes the importance of intrinsic motivation and self-actualization?
Two-Factor Theory
Expectancy Theory
Self-Determination Theory
Hierarchy of Needs Theory
#14
What does the Goal-Setting Theory suggest about the relationship between goals and motivation?
Clear and challenging goals lead to higher motivation and performance
Setting goals increases anxiety and decreases motivation
Setting vague goals is more effective in motivating individuals
Goals are irrelevant in determining motivation levels
#15
What is the term for the tendency to attribute success to internal factors and failure to external factors?
Self-efficacy
Self-attribution bias
Self-serving bias
Self-actualization
#16
According to Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, which of the following is considered a 'hygiene factor'?
Recognition
Achievement
Salary
Responsibility
#17
What is the term for the psychological discomfort that arises when individuals' beliefs or behaviors conflict with each other?
Cognitive dissonance
Confirmation bias
Selective perception
Stereotyping
#18
What term describes the psychological state where individuals feel a sense of being controlled by external forces or pressures?
Self-efficacy
Autonomy
Amotivation
Locus of control