#1
Which of the following is a primary goal of surveying techniques in psychological inquiry?
To manipulate variables in laboratory settings
To observe natural behavior without interference
To impose experimental conditions on participants
To analyze brain activity using neuroimaging
#2
Which surveying technique involves asking participants to report their thoughts, feelings, or behaviors?
Observational studies
Experimental studies
Self-report measures
Neuroimaging
#3
Which of the following surveying techniques involves observing and recording behavior in its natural environment?
Experimental studies
Observational studies
Self-report measures
Case studies
#4
What is the term for a measure that yields consistent results over time?
Validity
Reliability
Generalizability
Representativeness
#5
What is the term for the phenomenon where participants provide responses that they believe are socially acceptable, rather than truthful?
Observer bias
Demand characteristics
Social desirability bias
Hawthorne effect
#6
What is the purpose of random sampling in psychological research?
To ensure that all individuals have an equal chance of being selected for the sample
To intentionally select only certain individuals based on specific characteristics
To select individuals who are most readily available for the study
To ensure that the sample includes only individuals who are closely related
#7
Which of the following is a potential limitation of using convenience sampling?
It may introduce bias into the sample
It guarantees a representative sample
It ensures diversity within the sample
It is time-consuming and expensive
#8
Which of the following is NOT a type of reliability?
Test-retest reliability
Internal consistency reliability
Inter-rater reliability
Construct validity
#9
In a psychological survey, what does it mean if a measure has high internal consistency?
The measure consistently yields similar results over time
The measure accurately reflects the underlying concept it is intended to measure
Different raters or observers consistently agree on the measurement
Different items within the measure consistently correlate with each other
#10
What is the term for the extent to which research findings generalize to other populations, contexts, or settings?
Validity
Reliability
Generalizability
Representativeness
#11
What is the term for the phenomenon where participants' behavior changes because they are aware of being observed?
Confirmation bias
Hawthorne effect
Demand characteristics
Observer bias
#12
Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of using self-report measures?
They may be influenced by demand characteristics
They are expensive and time-consuming to administer
They are less susceptible to social desirability bias
They provide objective and verifiable data
#13
What type of research design involves following the same group of participants over an extended period of time?
Cross-sectional
Longitudinal
Sequential
Correlational
#14
Which of the following is a method used to counteract observer bias?
Blinding
Debriefing
Counterbalancing
Random assignment
#15
Which of the following is a technique used to enhance the credibility of qualitative research findings?
Random sampling
Member checking
Statistical analysis
Quantitative data collection