#1
What is the term for the process by which people select, interpret, and remember information based on their preexisting beliefs and attitudes?
Social Cognition
Confirmation Bias
Selective Exposure
Cognitive Dissonance
#2
What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals are more likely to comply with a request if it comes from someone they perceive as an authority figure?
Social Loafing
Conformity
Obedience
Groupthink
#3
What does the term 'in-group favoritism' refer to?
The tendency to favor one's own group over others.
The tendency to conform to group norms for social acceptance.
The tendency to comply with authority figures' requests.
The tendency to attribute others' behavior to internal factors.
#4
What is the term for the tendency to favor information that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses?
Confirmation Bias
Social Loafing
Group Polarization
Cognitive Dissonance
#5
What is the term for the process of interpreting ambiguous information in a way that conforms to one's existing beliefs or expectations?
Stereotyping
Selective Perception
Attribution
Biased Interpretation
#6
Which theory suggests that people tend to conform to group norms to feel accepted and avoid rejection?
Social Identity Theory
Social Learning Theory
Social Comparison Theory
Social Norms Theory
#7
Which factor is NOT considered as a determinant of public opinion formation?
Media Influence
Personal Experience
Social Networks
Government Regulations
#8
Which psychological phenomenon occurs when individuals in a group tend to exert less effort when working collectively compared to individually?
Social Facilitation
Group Polarization
Social Loafing
Groupthink
#9
Which term describes the tendency to attribute others' behavior to internal factors while attributing our behavior to external factors?
Self-serving Bias
Fundamental Attribution Error
Confirmation Bias
Cognitive Dissonance
#10
Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing persuasion?
Source Credibility
Message Content
Personal Values
Demographic Characteristics
#11
In public opinion research, what does the 'spiral of silence' theory propose?
People are more likely to express their opinion when they believe it is the majority opinion.
People with strong opinions are more likely to speak out regardless of the majority opinion.
People are less likely to express their opinion if they perceive it to be in the minority, fearing social isolation.
People are influenced by media representations, leading to the formation of public opinion.
#12
According to social identity theory, what role does group membership play in shaping individual behavior?
It has no influence on individual behavior.
It determines individual behavior entirely.
It influences individual behavior by shaping perceptions and attitudes.
It leads to cognitive dissonance.
#13
According to social facilitation theory, what effect does the presence of others have on individual performance?
It enhances performance on simple tasks and impairs performance on complex tasks.
It impairs performance on simple tasks and enhances performance on complex tasks.
It enhances performance on all tasks.
It impairs performance on all tasks.
#14
Which factor is NOT associated with groupthink?
High group cohesiveness
Directive leadership
Open discussion and diverse viewpoints
Isolation from outside influences
#15
According to the elaboration likelihood model, which route to persuasion involves careful consideration of arguments and evidence?
Peripheral Route
Central Route
Emotional Route
Cognitive Route