#1
According to the locus of control theory, individuals with an internal locus of control believe that their outcomes are primarily influenced by:
External factors beyond their control
Luck or chance
Their own actions and efforts
Fate or destiny
#2
Who proposed the theory of learned helplessness, which suggests that individuals may become passive and accepting of negative situations when they perceive a lack of control?
Albert Bandura
Martin Seligman
Abraham Maslow
Carl Rogers
#3
Which psychological theory emphasizes the role of cognition in shaping individuals' perceptions of control and efficacy?
Social learning theory
Cognitive dissonance theory
Self-determination theory
Self-efficacy theory
#4
Which of the following is NOT a component of Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory?
Observational learning
Self-efficacy
Locus of control
Reciprocal determinism
#5
What concept refers to the tendency to overestimate one's ability to have predicted an event after the outcome is already known?
Hindsight bias
Confirmation bias
Anchoring bias
Availability heuristic
#6
According to the self-determination theory, what are the three basic psychological needs that drive human behavior?
Competence, autonomy, and relatedness
Safety, belongingness, and esteem
Achievement, affiliation, and power
Stimulation, mastery, and meaning
#7
In the context of control perception, what does the term 'illusory control' refer to?
The belief that one has more control over outcomes than is actually the case
The inability to perceive any control over outcomes
The accurate perception of control over outcomes
The belief that outcomes are entirely predetermined
#8
According to attribution theory, how do individuals explain the causes of their successes and failures?
By attributing success to external factors and failure to internal factors
By attributing success to internal factors and failure to external factors
By attributing both success and failure to external factors
By attributing both success and failure to internal factors
#9
Which psychological theory emphasizes the role of unconscious processes in shaping behavior and control perception?
Psychoanalytic theory
Humanistic theory
Trait theory
Biopsychosocial theory
#10
According to the cognitive appraisal theory of stress, which of the following factors influences an individual's perception of control over a stressful situation?
The intensity of the stressor
The individual's appraisal of their coping resources
The duration of the stressful event
The unpredictability of the stressor
#11
Who proposed the concept of 'locus of control' and conducted extensive research on its implications for behavior and personality?
Carl Rogers
Julian Rotter
Abraham Maslow
Erik Erikson
#12
According to attribution theory, what term describes the tendency to attribute one's own successes to internal factors and failures to external factors?
Self-serving bias
Fundamental attribution error
Actor-observer bias
False consensus effect