#1
According to the locus of control theory, individuals with an internal locus of control believe that their outcomes are primarily influenced by:
Their own actions and efforts
ExplanationInternal locus of control emphasizes personal responsibility and effort.
#2
Who proposed the theory of learned helplessness, which suggests that individuals may become passive and accepting of negative situations when they perceive a lack of control?
Martin Seligman
ExplanationMartin Seligman introduced the concept of learned helplessness.
#3
Which psychological theory emphasizes the role of cognition in shaping individuals' perceptions of control and efficacy?
Self-efficacy theory
ExplanationSelf-efficacy theory focuses on the belief in one's ability to succeed.
#4
Which of the following is NOT a component of Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory?
Locus of control
ExplanationLocus of control is not a component of Bandura's theory.
#5
What concept refers to the tendency to overestimate one's ability to have predicted an event after the outcome is already known?
Hindsight bias
ExplanationHindsight bias involves overestimating foresight after knowing the outcome.
#6
According to the self-determination theory, what are the three basic psychological needs that drive human behavior?
Competence, autonomy, and relatedness
ExplanationSelf-determination theory emphasizes basic human needs for motivation.
#7
In the context of control perception, what does the term 'illusory control' refer to?
The belief that one has more control over outcomes than is actually the case
ExplanationIllusory control involves overestimating control over outcomes.
#8
According to attribution theory, how do individuals explain the causes of their successes and failures?
By attributing success to internal factors and failure to external factors
ExplanationAttribution theory involves explaining outcomes based on internal or external factors.
#9
Which psychological theory emphasizes the role of unconscious processes in shaping behavior and control perception?
Psychoanalytic theory
ExplanationPsychoanalytic theory delves into unconscious influences on behavior.
#10
According to the cognitive appraisal theory of stress, which of the following factors influences an individual's perception of control over a stressful situation?
The individual's appraisal of their coping resources
ExplanationCognitive appraisal theory considers coping resources in stress perception.
#11
Who proposed the concept of 'locus of control' and conducted extensive research on its implications for behavior and personality?
Julian Rotter
ExplanationJulian Rotter introduced and researched locus of control.
#12
According to attribution theory, what term describes the tendency to attribute one's own successes to internal factors and failures to external factors?
Self-serving bias
ExplanationSelf-serving bias involves attributing successes internally and failures externally.