#1
Which of the following is a basic principle of classical conditioning?
Operant behavior
Positive reinforcement
Association between stimuli
Social learning
#2
Which of the following is NOT a stage in Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?
Trust vs. Mistrust
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Industry vs. Inferiority
Conformity vs. Rebellion
#3
Which of the following best describes the concept of operant conditioning?
Learning through association between stimuli
Learning through observation and imitation
Learning through consequences of behavior
Learning through reinforcement of desired behaviors
#4
What is the term for the psychological process through which individuals come to understand and interpret their social environment?
Socialization
Social perception
Social cognition
Social interaction
#5
What is the term for the tendency to attribute one's successes to internal factors and failures to external factors?
Fundamental attribution error
Self-serving bias
Actor-observer bias
Confirmation bias
#6
What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where an individual conforms to a group's behavior or opinions, even if they disagree?
Conformity
Obedience
Compliance
Social facilitation
#7
Who is known for his theory of cognitive development in children?
B. F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
Jean Piaget
Erik Erikson
#8
What is the term used to describe the tendency to attribute one's own thoughts, feelings, and motives to others?
Projection
Regression
Displacement
Reaction formation
#9
Which neurotransmitter is associated with pleasure, reward, and motivation?
Serotonin
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
#10
What term describes the phenomenon where individuals exert less effort when working collectively on a task?
Social facilitation
Groupthink
Social loafing
Deindividuation
#11
Who developed the concept of the 'hierarchy of needs'?
Abraham Maslow
Carl Jung
Erich Fromm
Alfred Adler
#12
Which of the following best describes the bystander effect?
The tendency for individuals to perform better on simple tasks when in the presence of others
The tendency for individuals to become more extreme in their beliefs or attitudes after discussing with a group
The phenomenon where individuals in a group feel less responsible to act when others are present
The tendency for individuals to conform to the majority opinion, even if it goes against their own beliefs
#13
What is the term for the process by which individuals seek to maintain consistency among their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors?
Cognitive dissonance
Confirmation bias
Social loafing
Group polarization
#14
Which of the following is a key concept in Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory?
Collective unconscious
Self-actualization
Id, ego, and superego
Transactional analysis
#15
Who proposed the concept of the 'self-fulfilling prophecy'?
Sigmund Freud
Carl Rogers
Robert K. Merton
Erich Fromm
#16
In social psychology, what does the term 'ingroup' refer to?
A group with which an individual identifies
A group with opposing beliefs
A group with authoritative power
A group with similar interests
#17
Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five personality traits?
Extraversion
Neuroticism
Empathy
Openness to experience
#18
What term refers to the tendency to prioritize information that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses?
Hindsight bias
Confirmation bias
Availability heuristic
Representativeness heuristic
#19
Which of the following defense mechanisms involves reverting to an earlier stage of development in the face of unacceptable thoughts or impulses?
Denial
Regression
Rationalization
Sublimation