#1
Which psychological approach emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences in shaping personality?
Trait theory
Psychoanalytic theory
Humanistic theory
Behavioral theory
#2
According to the behaviorist perspective, what is the primary determinant of an individual's behavior?
Unconscious conflicts
Genetic predispositions
Reinforcement history
Self-actualization tendencies
#3
According to trait theory, what are traits?
Genetic predispositions to behave in certain ways
Observable behaviors that change over time
Consistent patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
Unconscious conflicts that influence behavior
#4
Which of the following is NOT a primary focus of the trait approach to personality?
Describing and measuring personality traits
Explaining how unconscious conflicts shape behavior
Identifying the factors that influence the development of traits
Predicting how traits influence behavior in different situations
#5
Which psychological approach suggests that personality is a result of the interplay between the individual's unique traits and the specific situations they encounter?
Trait theory
Psychoanalytic theory
Social-cognitive theory
Humanistic theory
#6
Which of the following is a key concept in humanistic psychology related to personality?
Self-efficacy
Self-actualization
Conditioned response
Operant conditioning
#7
In the context of sports, how might a humanistic psychologist approach understanding an athlete's behavior?
By analyzing their unconscious desires
By focusing on their self-actualization and growth potential
By reinforcing desired behaviors
By examining their genetic predispositions
#8
In the context of sports psychology, how might a trait theorist explain a soccer player's consistent aggressiveness on the field?
As a result of their early childhood experiences
As a genetic predisposition toward aggression
As a learned behavior through reinforcement
As a reflection of their self-actualization tendencies
#9
Which of the following best describes the concept of self-efficacy?
The belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task
The tendency to seek out and engage in new experiences
The desire to fulfill one's potential and become the best one can be
The process of reflecting on one's own thoughts and actions
#10
How might a social-cognitive psychologist explain the development of a fear of failure in a young gymnast?
As a genetic predisposition toward anxiety
As a learned behavior through observation of others
As a result of unconscious conflicts from early childhood
As a reflection of their self-actualization tendencies
#11
Which psychological approach is most likely to focus on observable behaviors and environmental influences?
Trait theory
Psychoanalytic theory
Behavioral theory
Humanistic theory
#12
According to the social-cognitive theory of personality, what is reciprocal determinism?
The idea that behavior is influenced by both internal cognitive factors and external environmental factors
The belief that personality is primarily shaped by unconscious conflicts
The tendency for individuals to seek out environments that are compatible with their traits
The process of reinforcing desired behaviors to increase their likelihood of occurring
#13
Which psychological approach would be most interested in studying how an athlete's personality traits interact with the demands of their sport to influence their performance?
Trait theory
Psychoanalytic theory
Social-cognitive theory
Humanistic theory
#14
Which psychological approach is most likely to focus on the role of thoughts and beliefs in shaping personality?
Trait theory
Psychoanalytic theory
Cognitive-behavioral theory
Humanistic theory