#1
Which psychological approach emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences in shaping personality?
Psychoanalytic theory
ExplanationFocuses on unconscious conflicts and early experiences influencing personality.
#2
According to the behaviorist perspective, what is the primary determinant of an individual's behavior?
Reinforcement history
ExplanationBehavior determined by past reinforcement experiences.
#3
According to trait theory, what are traits?
Consistent patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
ExplanationTraits are consistent patterns in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
#4
Which of the following is NOT a primary focus of the trait approach to personality?
Explaining how unconscious conflicts shape behavior
ExplanationTrait approach does not focus on unconscious conflicts.
#5
Which psychological approach suggests that personality is a result of the interplay between the individual's unique traits and the specific situations they encounter?
Social-cognitive theory
ExplanationPersonality results from interplay between traits and situations.
#6
Which of the following is a key concept in humanistic psychology related to personality?
Self-actualization
ExplanationEmphasizes the realization of one's full potential.
#7
In the context of sports, how might a humanistic psychologist approach understanding an athlete's behavior?
By focusing on their self-actualization and growth potential
ExplanationUnderstanding athlete behavior through self-actualization and growth.
#8
In the context of sports psychology, how might a trait theorist explain a soccer player's consistent aggressiveness on the field?
As a genetic predisposition toward aggression
ExplanationAttributes consistent aggressiveness to genetic predisposition.
#9
Which of the following best describes the concept of self-efficacy?
The belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task
ExplanationSelf-efficacy is belief in one's ability to succeed.
#10
How might a social-cognitive psychologist explain the development of a fear of failure in a young gymnast?
As a learned behavior through observation of others
ExplanationFear of failure learned through observation of others.
#11
Which psychological approach is most likely to focus on observable behaviors and environmental influences?
Behavioral theory
ExplanationEmphasizes observable behaviors and environmental impact.
#12
According to the social-cognitive theory of personality, what is reciprocal determinism?
The idea that behavior is influenced by both internal cognitive factors and external environmental factors
ExplanationBehavior influenced by internal cognitive factors and external environment.
#13
Which psychological approach would be most interested in studying how an athlete's personality traits interact with the demands of their sport to influence their performance?
Trait theory
ExplanationTrait theory focuses on interaction between traits and sport demands.
#14
Which psychological approach is most likely to focus on the role of thoughts and beliefs in shaping personality?
Cognitive-behavioral theory
ExplanationFocuses on thoughts and beliefs' role in shaping personality.