#1
Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?
A child learns to fear dogs after being bitten by one.
A student studies hard to get good grades.
A person avoids spicy food after getting food poisoning.
A baby learns to walk by observing others.
#2
Which of the following is NOT one of the stages of sleep in the sleep cycle?
REM sleep
Alpha sleep
Delta sleep
Stage 2 sleep
#3
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which need must be satisfied first before others become motivators?
Self-actualization
Esteem
Safety
Physiological
#4
What is the term for the tendency to remember recent information better than earlier information?
Primacy effect
Recency effect
Serial position effect
Long-term potentiation
#5
What neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the regulation of mood, sleep, and appetite?
Dopamine
Serotonin
Norepinephrine
Acetylcholine
#6
What does the bystander effect refer to?
The tendency for people to perform better on simple tasks when in the presence of others.
The increased likelihood of an individual helping someone in need when others are present.
The phenomenon where individuals are less likely to help in an emergency situation when others are present.
The tendency for people to conform to the actions or opinions of others.
#7
Which neurotransmitter is associated with pleasure and reward?
Dopamine
Serotonin
Endorphins
GABA
#8
What is the fundamental principle behind operant conditioning?
Associating a neutral stimulus with an involuntary response.
Learning through rewards and punishments for behavior.
Learning by observing others' behavior and its consequences.
Creating a hierarchy of needs to motivate behavior.
#9
What does the halo effect refer to in psychology?
The tendency to remember the first and last items in a list more easily than those in the middle.
The tendency to attribute positive traits to someone based on their physical attractiveness or other qualities.
The tendency to conform to the actions or opinions of others.
The tendency for people to perform better on simple tasks when in the presence of others.
#10
What does the term 'cognitive dissonance' describe?
The tendency to remember information that confirms our preconceptions while overlooking or dismissing contradictory evidence.
The discomfort experienced when holding conflicting beliefs or attitudes.
The tendency to conform to the actions or opinions of others.
The tendency to rely on the first piece of information encountered when making decisions.
#11
What is the main focus of the humanistic approach in psychology?
Exploring the unconscious mind and childhood experiences
Understanding how environmental factors shape behavior
Examining how individuals strive for self-fulfillment and personal growth
Studying the influence of genetics on behavior
#12
What concept refers to the tendency to attribute one's own thoughts and beliefs to others?
Social facilitation
Fundamental attribution error
False consensus effect
Self-serving bias
#13
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of major depressive disorder?
Feelings of guilt or worthlessness
Increased energy levels
Loss of interest in previously enjoyable activities
Persistent sadness or irritability
#14
Which theorist is associated with the concept of 'ego defense mechanisms'?
Sigmund Freud
Albert Bandura
Carl Rogers
Erik Erikson
#15
What is the term for the tendency to overestimate the impact of personal disposition and underestimate the impact of situations in explaining other people's behavior?
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Fundamental attribution error
Social facilitation
Reciprocal determinism
#16
Who proposed the concept of 'self-efficacy'?
Albert Bandura
Abraham Maslow
Jean Piaget
Lev Vygotsky
#17
According to the theory of classical conditioning, what is the neutral stimulus paired with in order to produce a conditioned response?
Unconditioned response
Unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned response
Conditioned stimulus