#1
What is the basic principle of associative learning?
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Social learning
Observational learning
#2
Who is considered the pioneer of classical conditioning?
John B. Watson
B.F. Skinner
Ivan Pavlov
Edward Thorndike
#3
Which of the following is an example of operant conditioning?
A dog salivating at the sound of a bell
A child receiving a gold star for completing homework
A pigeon pecking a key to receive food
A student studying for an exam after seeing others study
#4
Which theorist is associated with the concept of social learning theory?
Ivan Pavlov
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
Edward Thorndike
#5
Which type of reinforcement schedule provides reinforcement after a variable number of responses?
Fixed ratio
Variable ratio
Fixed interval
Variable interval
#6
What is the term for the process of learning through observing others' behaviors and their consequences?
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Social learning
Observational learning
#7
Which theorist proposed the Law of Effect, stating that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, while behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely?
Ivan Pavlov
B.F. Skinner
Edward Thorndike
Albert Bandura
#8
Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?
Taking away a child's toy after misbehaving
Giving a student a detention for talking in class
Giving a dog a treat for sitting on command
Ignoring a child's tantrum until they calm down
#9
What is the term for the process of associating a behavior with its consequences, resulting in the likelihood of that behavior recurring?
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Social learning
Observational learning
#10
Which theorist is associated with the concept of observational learning and the Bobo doll experiment?
Ivan Pavlov
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
Edward Thorndike
#11
In classical conditioning, what is an unconditioned stimulus?
A stimulus that naturally elicits a response
A previously neutral stimulus that elicits a response after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus
A learned response to a conditioned stimulus
A stimulus that follows a behavior and increases the likelihood of that behavior recurring
#12
What is the term for the weakening of a conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is absent?
Generalization
Discrimination
Extinction
Spontaneous recovery
#13
What is the process by which a previously neutral stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned response?
Generalization
Extinction
Discrimination
Acquisition
#14
What is a primary reinforcer?
A reinforcer that naturally satisfies a biological need
A learned reinforcer that gains its reinforcing power through association with a primary reinforcer
A reinforcer that follows a behavior and increases the likelihood of that behavior recurring
A reinforcement schedule based on the number of responses required to receive reinforcement
#15
Which of the following best describes the concept of stimulus generalization?
The ability to differentiate between similar stimuli and respond differently to each
The tendency to respond to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus
The weakening of a conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is absent
The process by which behaviors are reinforced in small, successive steps
#16
What is the term for the reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after a period of rest?
Generalization
Discrimination
Extinction
Spontaneous recovery
#17
What is the term for the process of associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus until the neutral stimulus elicits a conditioned response?
Operant conditioning
Observational learning
Classical conditioning
Social learning
#18
Which reinforcement schedule provides reinforcement for the first response after a fixed amount of time has passed?
Fixed ratio
Variable ratio
Fixed interval
Variable interval
#19
What is the term for the process of reinforcing behaviors that are increasingly similar to the desired behavior?
Discrimination
Generalization
Shaping
Extinction
#20
In classical conditioning, what is the term for the process of presenting the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus, resulting in the weakening of the conditioned response?
Generalization
Extinction
Discrimination
Spontaneous recovery
#21
What is the term for the process of differentiating between two similar stimuli and responding differently to each?
Generalization
Extinction
Discrimination
Spontaneous recovery
#22
Which of the following best describes the law of effect proposed by Edward Thorndike?
Behaviors followed by positive consequences are more likely to be repeated, while behaviors followed by negative consequences are less likely to be repeated.
Responses that produce a satisfying effect in a particular situation become more likely to occur again in that situation, and responses that produce a discomforting effect become less likely to occur again.
A response is followed by a reinforcing stimulus, increasing the likelihood of the response occurring again.
Learning occurs through observing others' behaviors and their consequences.
#23
What is the term for the process by which behaviors are gradually 'stamped in' through reinforcement?
Chaining
Modeling
Shaping
Extinction
#24
In classical conditioning, what is the term for the weakening of a conditioned response due to the presentation of a new conditioned stimulus?
Extinction
Generalization
Discrimination
Blocking
#25
Which of the following is NOT a component of the triadic reciprocal causation model proposed by Albert Bandura?
Behavior
Environment
Personal factors
Consequences