#1
Which psychologist is known for introducing the concept of classical conditioning?
Sigmund Freud
B.F. Skinner
Ivan Pavlov
John B. Watson
#2
Which of the following is an example of operant conditioning?
A dog salivating at the sound of a bell
A child getting a gold star for completing homework
A person feeling anxious in a crowded room
A student becoming sick after eating spoiled food
#3
Which psychologist is associated with the Law of Effect, which states that behaviors followed by positive consequences are more likely to be repeated?
Edward Thorndike
Abraham Maslow
Carl Rogers
Erik Erikson
#4
In classical conditioning, what is the neutral stimulus that becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus?
Conditioned stimulus
Unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned response
Unconditioned response
#5
Who is credited with the concept of behaviorism, which greatly influenced the study of conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
B.F. Skinner
John B. Watson
Edward Thorndike
#6
In classical conditioning, what is the unconditioned response?
The response elicited by the conditioned stimulus
The learned response to the conditioned stimulus
The stimulus that naturally triggers a response
The neutral stimulus before conditioning
#7
What is the process called when a conditioned response weakens over time due to lack of reinforcement?
Spontaneous recovery
Extinction
Generalization
Discrimination
#8
Which term refers to the process of associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response?
Operant conditioning
Extinction
Acquisition
Generalization
#9
Who conducted the famous 'Little Albert' experiment demonstrating classical conditioning with a human subject?
Ivan Pavlov
B.F. Skinner
John B. Watson
Albert Bandura
#10
What is the term for the phenomenon in which a behavior increases in frequency because it is followed by the removal of an aversive stimulus?
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Punishment
Extinction
#11
What is the term for the process of responding to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus?
Discrimination
Generalization
Extinction
Spontaneous recovery
#12
In operant conditioning, what does negative reinforcement involve?
Increasing a behavior by adding something undesirable
Increasing a behavior by removing something undesirable
Decreasing a behavior by adding something desirable
Decreasing a behavior by removing something undesirable
#13
What is a primary reinforcer in operant conditioning?
A reinforcer that has innate value or biological significance
A reinforcer that requires prior learning to be effective
A reinforcer that is associated with a neutral stimulus
A reinforcer that is effective only in certain situations