#1
Who is considered the father of microbiology?
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Louis Pasteur
Robert Koch
Joseph Lister
#2
Who discovered penicillin, the first antibiotic?
Alexander Fleming
Paul L. Modrich
Marie Curie
Gregor Mendel
#3
Who first proposed the concept of spontaneous generation, suggesting that life could arise from non-living matter?
Louis Pasteur
Aristotle
Robert Hooke
Francesco Redi
#4
Who developed the first successful smallpox vaccine?
Louis Pasteur
Edward Jenner
Jonas Salk
Robert Koch
#5
Who is credited with the discovery of the structure of DNA?
James Watson
Francis Crick
Rosalind Franklin
Linus Pauling
#6
Which scientist proposed the germ theory of disease?
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Louis Pasteur
Robert Koch
Joseph Lister
#7
What is the primary function of a bacteriophage?
Infecting plants
Infecting bacteria
Infecting animals
Infecting fungi
#8
Which microorganism is responsible for causing malaria?
Plasmodium falciparum
Escherichia coli
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
#9
What is the function of CRISPR-Cas9 in microbiology?
Bacterial defense mechanism
Energy production in bacteria
Cellular respiration
DNA replication in viruses
#10
Which scientist discovered the first antibiotic produced by a microorganism?
Alexander Fleming
Ernst Ruska
Selman Waksman
Louis Pasteur
#11
What is the main function of a plasmid in microbiology?
Facilitate cellular respiration
Store genetic material
Assist in cell division
Form cell wall structure
#12
Which microbiologist developed the first successful polio vaccine?
Edward Jenner
Jonas Salk
Albert Calmette
Paul Farmer
#13
What is the main purpose of Gram staining in microbiology?
Identifying viruses
Classifying bacteria
Isolating fungi
Analyzing parasites
#14
Who formulated Koch's postulates for establishing the cause of infectious diseases?
Robert Koch
Louis Pasteur
Joseph Lister
Edward Jenner
#15
What is the significance of the microbial nitrogen cycle in ecosystems?
Converts nitrogen gas into ammonia
Converts ammonia into nitrogen gas
Breaks down carbohydrates
Produces oxygen as a byproduct
#16
Who discovered the first virus?
Robert Koch
Dmitri Ivanovsky
Louis Pasteur
Edward Jenner
#17
What is the primary function of microbial fermentation?
Produce energy in the form of ATP
Produce alcohol and organic acids
Produce carbohydrates
Break down proteins into amino acids