#1
Which scientist is credited with proposing the theory of evolution by natural selection?
Charles Darwin
Gregor Mendel
Louis Pasteur
Alfred Russel Wallace
#2
What is the process by which organisms evolve and adapt to their environment over time?
Mutation
Genetic drift
Natural selection
Gene flow
#3
What is the term for a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring?
#4
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of evolution?
Mutation
Gene flow
Natural selection
Pangenesis
#5
Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure in humans?
The appendix
The heart
The brain
The liver
#6
Which of the following best describes the term 'homologous structures'?
Structures with similar functions but different evolutionary origins
Structures with different functions but similar evolutionary origins
Structures with both similar functions and evolutionary origins
Structures that are no longer functional in modern organisms
#7
What is an example of convergent evolution?
The wings of bats and birds
The flippers of dolphins and fish
The eyes of insects and mammals
The fins of sharks and whales
#8
Which scientist proposed the theory of inheritance through 'blending'?
Charles Darwin
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Gregor Mendel
August Weismann
#9
In the context of evolution, what does the term 'allele frequency' refer to?
The proportion of individuals in a population that carry a particular allele
The rate at which new alleles arise in a population
The total number of alleles in a population
The number of mutations occurring within a population
#10
Which of the following is an example of coevolution?
A predator evolving sharper claws to catch prey
A plant evolving thorns for defense against herbivores
A bird species developing different color variations within a population
A symbiotic relationship between bees and flowers
#11
Which of the following is a mechanism of evolutionary change that is more pronounced in small populations and involves random fluctuations in allele frequencies?
Gene flow
Natural selection
Genetic drift
Mutation
#12
What is punctuated equilibrium in evolutionary biology?
A gradual and continuous process of species evolution
A sudden burst of evolutionary change followed by long periods of stasis
The process of speciation due to geographic isolation
The study of the fossil record
#13
What is the term for the process by which two separate species evolve to resemble each other due to similar ecological roles and selection pressures?
Divergent evolution
Parallel evolution
Convergent evolution
Adaptive radiation
#14
What is the term for the change in allele frequencies in a population due to individuals moving in or out of the population?
Mutation
Gene flow
Genetic drift
Natural selection
#15
Which of the following statements best describes the founder effect?
A small group of individuals migrates to a new area, establishing a new population with a different allele frequency than the original population
A sudden environmental catastrophe wipes out a large portion of the population, leaving only a few survivors
Individuals with extreme phenotypes have a higher fitness, leading to a shift in allele frequencies over time
Gene flow between two populations leads to the exchange of alleles, resulting in increased genetic diversity