#1
Which scientist is credited with proposing the theory of natural selection?
Charles Darwin
Gregor Mendel
Louis Pasteur
Alfred Russel Wallace
#2
What term describes the process by which organisms with traits better suited to their environment tend to survive and reproduce?
Genetic drift
Punctuated equilibrium
Adaptive radiation
Natural selection
#3
What is the primary unit of classification in biological taxonomy?
#4
What is the term for the process by which a population evolves to become better suited to its environment over time?
Adaptive radiation
Genetic drift
Natural selection
Allopatric speciation
#5
Which of the following best describes the process of genetic recombination?
The formation of new alleles through mutation
The shuffling and mixing of genetic material during meiosis
The transfer of genes between different species
The migration of individuals between populations
#6
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of evolution?
Natural selection
Genetic drift
Convergent evolution
Lamarckism
#7
Which of the following is an example of convergent evolution?
Wings of birds and wings of bats
Forelimbs of whales and forelimbs of cats
Darwin's finches on the Galapagos Islands
Peppered moths in industrialized areas
#8
Which of the following best describes genetic drift?
The process by which individuals with advantageous traits have more offspring
The random change in allele frequencies in a population over time
The transfer of genes between different species
The process by which new species arise from a common ancestor
#9
What is an example of a prezygotic reproductive barrier?
Hybrid sterility
Geographic isolation
Temporal isolation
Gametic incompatibility
#10
In which geological era did the first mammals appear?
Paleozoic Era
Mesozoic Era
Cenozoic Era
Proterozoic Era
#11
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for natural selection to occur?
Variation in traits within a population
Heritability of traits
Non-random mating
Differential reproductive success
#12
Which of the following is an example of an allopatric speciation event?
A population of birds diverges into two species due to differences in courtship behavior
A river divides a population of fish into two isolated populations that evolve into separate species
Two populations of insects in the same habitat develop different mating rituals
A sudden change in environmental conditions leads to rapid evolution in a single population
#13
Which of the following statements about the founder effect is true?
It occurs when a population is drastically reduced in size, leading to a loss of genetic variation
It occurs when individuals migrate to a new area and establish a new population with limited genetic variation
It occurs when individuals within a population mate preferentially with others who are similar to them
It occurs when environmental pressures cause individuals with certain traits to have more offspring
#14
Which of the following is a type of reproductive isolation that occurs after fertilization?
Mechanical isolation
Temporal isolation
Hybrid inviability
Gametic isolation
#15
What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals with intermediate phenotypes are favored by natural selection?
Stabilizing selection
Directional selection
Disruptive selection
Balanced polymorphism