#1
Which of the following best defines health psychology?
The study of the psychological factors that contribute to illness and disease.
The study of how people interact with their environments to maintain or improve health.
The study of mental disorders and their treatments.
The study of human biology and its impact on health.
#2
What is the term for a brief episode of intense fear or discomfort, accompanied by physical symptoms such as heart palpitations and shortness of breath?
Panic Attack
Anxiety Disorder
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
#3
Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of major depressive disorder?
Hypomania
Persistent sadness and loss of interest or pleasure in activities
Hallucinations
Disorganized speech
#4
What is the term for the process by which individuals acquire the values, beliefs, and behaviors of their culture?
Socialization
Acculturation
Assimilation
Cultural adaptation
#5
What is the term for the process of adapting to and managing stressors in everyday life?
Psychological resilience
Stress management
Coping
Stress adaptation
#6
What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals in a group tend to exert less effort when working collectively than when working individually?
Social loafing
Groupthink
Social facilitation
Conformity
#7
Which model of health behavior change focuses on an individual's readiness to change?
Social Cognitive Model
Health Belief Model
Transtheoretical Model
Theory of Planned Behavior
#8
According to the biopsychosocial model, which of the following factors contribute to health and illness?
Biological factors only
Psychological factors only
Sociocultural factors only
Biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors
#9
Which of the following is NOT a component of the tripartite model of attitudes?
Cognitive component
Affective component
Behavioral component
Social component
#10
What does the term 'placebo effect' refer to in health psychology?
The harmful effects of a drug or treatment
The improvement of symptoms due to the belief in receiving an active treatment
The tendency to overestimate the effectiveness of a treatment
The side effects of a placebo
#11
Which of the following is a primary goal of positive psychology?
To diagnose and treat mental illnesses
To understand and enhance human strengths and virtues
To study abnormal behavior
To focus on negative emotions and experiences
#12
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which needs must be met before an individual can strive for self-actualization?
Esteem needs
Safety needs
Physiological needs
Belongingness and love needs
#13
Which type of coping strategy involves accepting a stressful situation and learning to live with it?
Problem-focused coping
Emotion-focused coping
Avoidant coping
Acceptance coping
#14
According to the transactional model of stress and coping, what factors influence an individual's appraisal of a stressor?
Only the objective characteristics of the stressor
Only the individual's perception of the stressor
Both the objective characteristics and the individual's perception of the stressor
Neither the objective characteristics nor the individual's perception of the stressor
#15
Which theory posits that individuals strive to maintain a balance between their beliefs and behaviors, leading to cognitive dissonance when inconsistencies arise?
Self-perception theory
Balance theory
Cognitive dissonance theory
Attribution theory
#16
Which theory of emotion suggests that physiological arousal and the experience of emotion occur simultaneously?
James-Lange theory
Cannon-Bard theory
Schachter-Singer theory
Facial feedback hypothesis