Fundamental Concepts in Genetics Quiz

Test your knowledge with questions on DNA, inheritance, genetic disorders, and more. Explore the world of genetics in this quiz!

#1

Which molecule carries genetic information in living organisms?

Protein
Carbohydrate
RNA
DNA
#2

What is the basic unit of heredity?

Gene
Chromosome
Nucleotide
Allele
#3

What is the term for the observable traits of an organism?

Genotype
Phenotype
Allele
Homozygous
#4

What is the process by which DNA is copied?

Translation
Replication
Transcription
Mutation
#5

What term describes the presence of two different alleles for a particular gene?

Homozygous
Heterozygous
Polygenic
Codominant
#6

Which genetic disorder is characterized by the absence of melanin pigment?

Albinism
Cystic fibrosis
Sickle cell anemia
Hemophilia
#7

In which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
#8

What is the term for the specific location of a gene on a chromosome?

Phenotype
Genotype
Locus
Haploid
#9

Which scientist is credited with discovering the structure of DNA?

Gregor Mendel
Charles Darwin
Rosalind Franklin
James Watson and Francis Crick
#10

Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA involved in protein synthesis?

mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
sRNA
#11

What is the term for a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to a different trait?

Mutation
Translation
Translocation
Transformation
#12

What is the term for the phenomenon where one gene influences multiple traits?

Pleiotropy
Epistasis
Polygenic inheritance
Codominance
#13

What is the term for the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division?

Nondisjunction
Crossing over
Independent assortment
Segregation
#14

Which type of mutation results in the insertion or deletion of nucleotides, causing a shift in the reading frame?

Missense mutation
Nonsense mutation
Frameshift mutation
Silent mutation

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