#1
Which ethical principle emphasizes the importance of obtaining informed consent from participants?
Beneficence
Nonmaleficence
Autonomy
Justice
#2
In psychological research, what does the term 'confidentiality' refer to?
Ensuring that participants' identities are not disclosed without their consent
Ensuring that participants are compensated for their time
Ensuring that the research findings are made public
Ensuring that participants are fully aware of the study's purpose
#3
What is the concept of 'informed consent' in psychological research?
Participants are informed about the results of the study before it begins
Participants give their voluntary agreement to participate after being informed about the study's purpose, procedures, risks, and benefits
Participants are given incentives to participate in the study
Participants are not provided with any information about the study
#4
Which term refers to the process of ensuring that research findings can be replicated by other researchers?
Confidentiality
Informed consent
Replication
Deception
#5
What is the term for the practice of providing false information to participants in a research study?
Deception
Informed consent
Confidentiality
Replication
#6
Which ethical principle emphasizes the researcher's responsibility to maximize benefits and minimize harm to participants?
Beneficence
Nonmaleficence
Autonomy
Justice
#7
What is the term for the phenomenon where participants respond in a way they believe is socially acceptable, rather than truthfully?
Demand characteristics
Social desirability bias
Confirmation bias
Observer bias
#8
Which ethical guideline in scientific research refers to minimizing harm to participants?
Beneficence
Nonmaleficence
Autonomy
Justice
#9
What is the primary purpose of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) in scientific research?
To ensure that research findings are published in reputable journals
To review research proposals and ensure ethical compliance
To recruit participants for research studies
To conduct statistical analyses of research data
#10
What does the 'APA Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct' provide guidance on?
Data analysis techniques
Ethical behavior and decision-making in psychological research and practice
Clinical diagnosis procedures
Psychiatric medication prescriptions
#11
Which ethical consideration in scientific research relates to ensuring fairness in the selection of participants and distribution of research benefits and burdens?
Beneficence
Nonmaleficence
Autonomy
Justice
#12
What is the term for the phenomenon where researchers inadvertently influence the outcome of a study due to their expectations or biases?
Hawthorne effect
Observer bias
Demand characteristics
Confirmation bias
#13
In psychological research, what is 'counterbalancing'?
Ensuring that all participants receive equal compensation
Randomly assigning participants to different experimental conditions
Balancing the order of presentation of experimental conditions across participants
Providing participants with information about the study's purpose
#14
In psychological research, what does 'random assignment' refer to?
Assigning participants to different experimental groups based on specific characteristics
Ensuring that all participants receive equal compensation
Balancing the order of presentation of experimental conditions across participants
Randomly assigning participants to different experimental conditions
#15
In the context of psychological ethics, what does 'debriefing' involve?
Providing participants with misleading information after the study
Explaining the purpose and procedures of the study to participants after their involvement
Ensuring that participants remain unaware of the true nature of the study
Encouraging participants to withdraw from the study if they feel uncomfortable
#16
What is the term for the phenomenon where participants alter their behavior because they know they are being observed?
Hawthorne effect
Observer bias
Demand characteristics
Social desirability bias
#17
Which ethical consideration in psychological research refers to the right of participants to withdraw from a study at any time?
Beneficence
Nonmaleficence
Autonomy
Justice
#18
What is the term for the bias introduced when a researcher's expectations influence their interpretation of the study's results?
Observer bias
Confirmation bias
Hawthorne effect
Expectancy bias
#19
What is the term for the phenomenon where participants change their behavior because they are aware they are being studied?
Hawthorne effect
Observer bias
Demand characteristics
Social desirability bias