#1
Which of the following factors can affect the accuracy of witness testimony?
Emotional state of the witness
Number of eyewitnesses present
Distance between the witness and the event
All of the above
#2
Which factor could potentially decrease the accuracy of eyewitness testimony?
Short delay between witnessing the event and recalling it
Use of leading questions during interviews
High emotional arousal during the event
Presence of multiple eyewitnesses
#3
Which cognitive factor can lead to inaccurate eyewitness identifications?
High level of emotional arousal
Use of a double-blind lineup procedure
Providing witnesses with clear instructions during lineup
Ensuring consistent lighting conditions during the crime
#4
Which factor could potentially enhance eyewitness memory recall?
Using leading questions during interviews
Providing feedback on the accuracy of the witness's identification
Exposure to high levels of stress during the event
Having multiple eyewitnesses present
#5
Which factor could potentially decrease the reliability of eyewitness testimony?
Providing unbiased lineup instructions
Utilizing a simultaneous lineup procedure
Having a brief exposure to the event
Experiencing high levels of stress during the event
#6
What term refers to the phenomenon where memory of an event can be influenced by post-event information?
Source monitoring error
Retroactive interference
Misinformation effect
Encoding specificity
#7
Which cognitive process involves filling in gaps in memory with false information?
Reconstruction
Recognition
Rehearsal
Retrieval
#8
Which theory suggests that memory is not a perfect recording of events but rather a reconstruction based on schemas and prior knowledge?
Multi-store model of memory
Information processing model
Schema theory
Dual-process theory
#9
What term describes the process by which memories are distorted due to the influence of one's expectations or beliefs?
Confirmation bias
Suggestibility
Hindsight bias
Self-serving bias
#10
Which cognitive phenomenon involves mistakenly recalling events that never actually occurred?
Stereotypical bias
Cryptomnesia
False memory
Primacy effect
#11
What term refers to the phenomenon where memories fade or change over time?
Memory interference
Transience
Absent-mindedness
Blocking
#12
Which factor could potentially improve eyewitness accuracy in identifying a suspect?
Lengthy exposure to the suspect
Presentation of a lineup with only one potential suspect
Feedback on the accuracy of the witness's identification
Leading questions from investigators
#13
Which of the following statements is true regarding weapon focus?
It enhances memory for peripheral details of a crime scene.
It decreases memory accuracy for central details of a crime scene.
It has no effect on memory accuracy for details of a crime scene.
It improves overall memory accuracy for details of a crime scene.
#14
What is the term for the tendency to falsely remember one's past attitudes and behavior as more consistent with the present than they actually were?
Memory bias
Consistency bias
Change bias
Reminiscence bias
#15
Which factor could potentially increase the reliability of eyewitness identification?
Cross-race identification
Brief exposure to the suspect
Constructive memory
Use of a sequential lineup procedure
#16
Which of the following can help mitigate the effects of weapon focus?
Ensuring the weapon is clearly visible to the witness
Using a lineup procedure with only one suspect
Providing witnesses with training on focusing techniques
Minimizing the duration of the event
#17
Which cognitive phenomenon involves falsely remembering events from one's childhood?
Cryptomnesia
Infantile amnesia
Regression
Hindsight bias