#1
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
Energy production
Cellular communication
Structural support
Regulation of materials entering and leaving the cell
#2
Which cellular organelle is responsible for breaking down and recycling cellular waste?
Lysosome
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Nucleus
#3
What is the primary function of the mitochondria in a cell?
Photosynthesis
Cellular respiration
Protein synthesis
DNA replication
#4
Which cellular structure contains the genetic material in prokaryotic cells?
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Nucleoid
#5
What is the primary function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a eukaryotic cell?
Energy production
Protein synthesis
Lipid synthesis and modification
DNA replication
#6
Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
Golgi apparatus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
#7
What is the main function of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) in cells?
Cellular respiration
DNA replication
Cellular communication
Energy currency for cellular activities
#8
What is the role of tRNA (transfer RNA) in protein synthesis?
Carries amino acids to the ribosome
Provides structural support to the cell
Synthesizes proteins
Stores genetic information
#9
In cellular respiration, which stage occurs in the absence of oxygen?
Glycolysis
Citric acid cycle
Electron transport chain
Oxidative phosphorylation
#10
Which molecule serves as the universal energy currency in cellular activities?
#11
Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?
Ionic bond
Covalent bond
Hydrogen bond
Metallic bond
#12
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA replication
RNA transcription
Protein translation
Flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein
#13
What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in a cell?
Protein synthesis
Lipid synthesis and detoxification
Transport of vesicles
Ribosomal RNA synthesis
#14
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during DNA replication?
DNA polymerase
Helicase
Ligase
Primase
#15
Which of the following is a structural carbohydrate found in the cell walls of plants?
Cellulose
Chitin
Starch
Glycogen