#1
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
Regulation of materials entering and leaving the cell
ExplanationControls passage of substances in and out of the cell
#2
Which cellular organelle is responsible for breaking down and recycling cellular waste?
Lysosome
ExplanationDigestion and recycling organelle
#3
What is the primary function of the mitochondria in a cell?
Cellular respiration
ExplanationSite of aerobic cellular respiration
#4
Which cellular structure contains the genetic material in prokaryotic cells?
Nucleoid
ExplanationProkaryotic DNA storage region
#5
What is the primary function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a eukaryotic cell?
Lipid synthesis and modification
ExplanationSynthesis and modification of lipids
#6
Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
Ribosomes
ExplanationSite of protein production
#7
What is the main function of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) in cells?
Energy currency for cellular activities
ExplanationProvides energy for cellular processes
#8
What is the role of tRNA (transfer RNA) in protein synthesis?
Carries amino acids to the ribosome
ExplanationDelivers amino acids to ribosomes
#9
In cellular respiration, which stage occurs in the absence of oxygen?
Glycolysis
ExplanationInitial stage of glucose breakdown
#10
Which molecule serves as the universal energy currency in cellular activities?
ATP
ExplanationPrimary energy carrier in cells
#11
Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?
Covalent bond
ExplanationElectron sharing between atoms
#12
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
Flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein
ExplanationSequence of DNA to protein synthesis
#13
What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in a cell?
Lipid synthesis and detoxification
ExplanationSynthesis of lipids and detoxification processes
#14
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during DNA replication?
Helicase
ExplanationUnwinds DNA strands during replication
#15
Which of the following is a structural carbohydrate found in the cell walls of plants?
Cellulose
ExplanationMajor component of plant cell walls