#1
Which of the following best describes the focus of behaviorism?
Exploring unconscious desires
Studying observable behaviors
Understanding cognitive processes
Analyzing subjective experiences
#2
Who is considered the founder of behaviorism?
Sigmund Freud
B.F. Skinner
John B. Watson
Ivan Pavlov
#3
Which of the following best describes the focus of mentalistic explanations?
Studying observable behaviors
Exploring unconscious desires
Understanding cognitive processes
Analyzing environmental influences
#4
Which of the following is a key assumption of behaviorism?
Behavior is solely determined by genetics
Internal mental states should be the primary focus of study
Behavior can be understood by observing and analyzing observable actions
Consciousness plays a central role in determining behavior
#5
Who proposed the concept of classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
B.F. Skinner
John B. Watson
Edward Thorndike
#6
In behaviorism, what is the term used for learning through association?
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Cognitive restructuring
Insight learning
#7
Which concept in behaviorism refers to rewarding desired behaviors to increase their frequency?
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Punishment
Extinction
#8
Which of the following is an example of a mentalistic explanation?
A child cries because they learned that it gets them attention
A child cries due to an increase in heart rate and adrenaline levels
A child cries because it is genetically programmed behavior
A child cries as a response to pain stimuli
#9
Who proposed the theory of operant conditioning, which is a fundamental concept in behaviorism?
Ivan Pavlov
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
Edward Thorndike
#10
In behaviorism, what is the term used for the process of weakening a behavior by removing the consequence that previously reinforced it?
Positive punishment
Negative reinforcement
Extinction
Operant conditioning
#11
What is one of the primary criticisms of behaviorism?
It ignores the role of consciousness
It focuses too much on internal mental states
It lacks empirical evidence
It is not applicable to animal behavior
#12
Which psychological perspective emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences in shaping behavior?
Behaviorism
Psychoanalysis
Humanistic psychology
Cognitive psychology
#13
According to behaviorism, what is the primary determinant of behavior?
Unconscious desires
Genetic predispositions
Observable stimuli and responses
Cognitive processes
#14
Which behaviorist introduced the idea of 'cognitive maps' to explain how organisms mentally represent spatial information?
Ivan Pavlov
B.F. Skinner
Edward Tolman
John B. Watson