#1
Which of the following best describes the focus of behaviorism?
Studying observable behaviors
ExplanationBehaviorism focuses on studying observable actions rather than internal mental processes.
#2
Who is considered the founder of behaviorism?
John B. Watson
ExplanationJohn B. Watson is credited as the founder of behaviorism.
#3
Which of the following best describes the focus of mentalistic explanations?
Understanding cognitive processes
ExplanationMentalistic explanations seek to understand behavior through cognitive processes.
#4
Which of the following is a key assumption of behaviorism?
Behavior can be understood by observing and analyzing observable actions
ExplanationBehaviorism posits that behavior can be comprehended by observing and analyzing observable actions.
#5
Who proposed the concept of classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
ExplanationIvan Pavlov introduced the concept of classical conditioning.
#6
In behaviorism, what is the term used for learning through association?
Classical conditioning
ExplanationLearning through association is known as classical conditioning in behaviorism.
#7
Which concept in behaviorism refers to rewarding desired behaviors to increase their frequency?
Positive reinforcement
ExplanationPositive reinforcement involves rewarding desired behaviors to encourage their repetition.
#8
Which of the following is an example of a mentalistic explanation?
A child cries due to an increase in heart rate and adrenaline levels
ExplanationThis explanation focuses on internal mental processes causing behavior.
#9
Who proposed the theory of operant conditioning, which is a fundamental concept in behaviorism?
B.F. Skinner
ExplanationB.F. Skinner introduced operant conditioning, a core concept in behaviorism.
#10
In behaviorism, what is the term used for the process of weakening a behavior by removing the consequence that previously reinforced it?
Extinction
ExplanationExtinction in behaviorism refers to diminishing a behavior by eliminating the reinforcing consequence.
#11
What is one of the primary criticisms of behaviorism?
It ignores the role of consciousness
ExplanationOne criticism of behaviorism is its neglect of the influence of consciousness on behavior.
#12
Which psychological perspective emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences in shaping behavior?
Psychoanalysis
ExplanationPsychoanalysis highlights the influence of unconscious conflicts and early experiences on behavior.
#13
According to behaviorism, what is the primary determinant of behavior?
Observable stimuli and responses
ExplanationObservable stimuli and responses are considered the primary influences on behavior in behaviorism.
#14
Which behaviorist introduced the idea of 'cognitive maps' to explain how organisms mentally represent spatial information?
Edward Tolman
ExplanationEdward Tolman introduced 'cognitive maps' to elucidate how organisms mentally represent spatial information.