#1
Which of the following is an extensive property of a system?
Temperature
Volume
Density
Specific heat capacity
#2
What does the first law of thermodynamics state?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Entropy of a system tends to a maximum value
The internal energy of a system remains constant
Heat always flows from a hot object to a cold object
#3
What is the definition of heat capacity (C)?
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1°C
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 K
The amount of heat required to vaporize a substance
The amount of heat required to melt a substance
#4
Which thermodynamic process involves no change in temperature?
Isobaric process
Isochoric process
Isothermal process
Adiabatic process
#5
What is the definition of entropy in thermodynamics?
The measure of disorder or randomness in a system.
The measure of total energy in a system.
The measure of temperature in a system.
The measure of pressure in a system.
#6
What does the term 'enthalpy' represent in thermodynamics?
The measure of disorder or randomness in a system.
The measure of total energy in a system.
The measure of temperature in a system.
The measure of heat content in a system.
#7
Which thermodynamic process involves no change in enthalpy?
Isochoric process
Isobaric process
Adiabatic process
Isothermal process
#8
What is the expression for the second law of thermodynamics concerning entropy change?
ΔS = q/T
ΔS = q_rev/T
ΔS = ΔH/T
ΔS = ΔG/T
#9
What is the Gibbs free energy equation for a system at constant temperature and pressure?
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
ΔG = ΔH + TΔS
ΔG = ΔH/T + ΔS
ΔG = ΔH + PΔV
#10
Which of the following is NOT a state function?
Pressure
Enthalpy
Temperature
Work
#11
At what temperature will the equilibrium constant (K) for a reaction be equal to 1?
0 K
273 K
298 K
Depends on the reaction
#12
What is the definition of an adiabatic process?
A process where heat is exchanged with the surroundings at constant pressure.
A process where no heat is exchanged with the surroundings.
A process where temperature remains constant.
A process where volume remains constant.
#13
What is the standard entropy change (∆S°) of a pure substance at 298 K and 1 atm?
0 J/mol·K
1 J/mol·K
≈ 0 J/mol·K
Cannot be determined
#14
What is the standard enthalpy change (∆H°) for the formation of one mole of water (H₂O) from its elements at 25°C?
0 kJ/mol
-285.8 kJ/mol
285.8 kJ/mol
Depends on the phase of water
#15
What is the Clausius statement of the second law of thermodynamics?
It is impossible to reach absolute zero in a finite number of steps.
Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
Heat cannot spontaneously flow from a colder body to a hotter body.
The entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero is zero.
#16
What is the standard Gibbs free energy change (∆G°) of a reaction at equilibrium?
0
Positive
Negative
Depends on the reaction
#17
What is the expression for the change in Helmholtz free energy (∆A) of a system?
∆A = ∆U - T∆S
∆A = ∆U + T∆S
∆A = ∆H - T∆S
∆A = ∆H + T∆S