#1
According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, during which stage do children develop object permanence?
Sensorimotor stage
Preoperational stage
Concrete operational stage
Formal operational stage
#2
Which theorist is associated with the concept of the zone of proximal development (ZPD)?
Albert Bandura
Jean Piaget
Lev Vygotsky
Lawrence Kohlberg
#3
What is the main idea behind attachment theory?
Children's behavior is primarily influenced by their parents' socioeconomic status
Children develop strong emotional bonds with their primary caregivers
Children's behavior is primarily determined by genetic factors
Children's cognitive development is influenced by their interactions with peers
#4
Which psychologist is known for his theory of moral development, which includes stages such as preconventional, conventional, and postconventional morality?
Jean Piaget
Erik Erikson
Lawrence Kohlberg
Urie Bronfenbrenner
#5
Which of the following is NOT one of the stages in Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory of development?
Integrity vs. Despair
Trust vs. Mistrust
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Independence vs. Shame and Doubt
#6
What is the term for the process of cells becoming specialized for particular functions?
Mitosis
Embryogenesis
Cell differentiation
Gastrulation
#7
What is the main focus of Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory of development?
Cognitive development
Social and emotional development
Moral development
Physical development
#8
Which of the following is NOT one of the stages in Freud's psychosexual theory of development?
Oral stage
Latency stage
Anal stage
Identity vs. Role Confusion stage
#9
What is the term for the process by which a fertilized egg attaches to the uterine wall?
Implantation
Ovulation
Conception
Fertilization
#10
Which of the following is a criticism of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
It underestimates the influence of social and cultural factors
It lacks empirical evidence
It overestimates children's abilities
It neglects the role of genetics in development
#11
According to Lev Vygotsky, what is the zone of proximal development (ZPD)?
The stage at which children learn to think logically
The range of tasks that a child can perform with the help of a more competent individual
The stage at which children develop object permanence
The range of tasks that a child can perform independently
#12
Which type of parenting style is characterized by high demands and low responsiveness?
Authoritarian
Permissive
Authoritative
Uninvolved
#13
According to Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, which level of the environment encompasses the immediate surroundings that directly influence a child's development?
Microsystem
Mesosystem
Exosystem
Chronosystem
#14
According to attachment theory, what is the term for the distress that infants show when separated from their primary caregivers?
Stranger anxiety
Social referencing
Object permanence
Separation anxiety
#15
According to Freud's psychosexual theory, what is the primary focus of the phallic stage?
Learning to trust others
Developing a sense of initiative
Resolving the Oedipus or Electra complex
Gaining independence
#16
According to Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, what does the macrosystem encompass?
The immediate environment
The broader cultural context
The child's family and peers
The child's biological makeup
#17
Which of the following is a criticism often directed at Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory?
It does not adequately account for individual differences in development
It relies too heavily on observational research
It fails to address the role of cultural influences
It places too much emphasis on early childhood experiences