#1
What is the primary characteristic of stem cells?
They can only divide a limited number of times.
They can differentiate into various cell types.
They lack the ability to self-renew.
They are unable to divide.
#2
Which of the following is not a potential source of stem cells?
Embryos
Bone marrow
Umbilical cord blood
Liver cells
#3
Which of the following is a potential application of stem cell therapy?
Treatment of bacterial infections
Repairing damaged bones
Treatment of viral infections
Treatment of genetic disorders
#4
What is the term for the process by which stem cells give rise to specialized cell types?
Differentiation
Proliferation
Apoptosis
Metastasis
#5
Which of the following is not a type of adult stem cell?
Hematopoietic stem cell
Mesenchymal stem cell
Neural stem cell
Embryonic stem cell
#6
What is the process of converting adult cells into pluripotent stem cells called?
Somatic cell nuclear transfer
Cellular reprogramming
Gene editing
Stem cell activation
#7
Which transcription factors are commonly used in cellular reprogramming to induce pluripotency?
Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc
Nanog, CD34, FGF2, and TGF-beta
Pax6, MyoD, GATA4, and FoxA2
VEGF, PDGF, EGF, and BMP
#8
What is the main advantage of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) over embryonic stem cells?
They have a higher potential for differentiation.
They do not raise ethical concerns.
They have a longer lifespan.
They can only differentiate into a limited number of cell types.
#9
Which of the following is a challenge in the field of stem cell research?
Limited potential for application in regenerative medicine
Ethical concerns surrounding the use of human embryos
Ease of obtaining stem cells from adult tissues
High cost of stem cell therapy
#10
What is the role of the microenvironment in stem cell maintenance and differentiation?
It has no effect on stem cell behavior.
It regulates stem cell fate.
It prevents stem cell proliferation.
It inhibits stem cell differentiation.
#11
What are induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from?
Embryonic stem cells
Adult stem cells
Somatic cells
Cancer cells
#12
What is the term for the process of directing the differentiation of stem cells into specific cell types?
Stem cell homing
Stem cell isolation
Stem cell programming
Stem cell fate determination
#13
Which of the following is a characteristic of totipotent stem cells?
They can differentiate into any cell type except placental cells.
They can differentiate into any cell type in the body.
They can differentiate into all cell types, including extraembryonic tissues.
They can only differentiate into a limited number of cell types.
#14
What is the term for the process of dedifferentiating mature cells into stem-like cells?
Transdifferentiation
De novo differentiation
Cellular reprogramming
Reverse differentiation
#15
Which type of stem cell has the highest differentiation potential?
Multipotent stem cells
Pluripotent stem cells
Totipotent stem cells
Unipotent stem cells