#1
What is the primary characteristic of stem cells?
They can differentiate into various cell types.
ExplanationPluripotency allows stem cells to specialize into different cell types.
#2
Which of the following is not a potential source of stem cells?
Liver cells
ExplanationLiver cells are not considered a source of stem cells.
#3
Which of the following is a potential application of stem cell therapy?
Treatment of genetic disorders
ExplanationStem cell therapy holds promise for treating genetic disorders.
#4
What is the term for the process by which stem cells give rise to specialized cell types?
Differentiation
ExplanationDifferentiation is the process of stem cells specializing into specific cell types.
#5
Which of the following is not a type of adult stem cell?
Embryonic stem cell
ExplanationEmbryonic stem cells are not classified as adult stem cells.
#6
What is the process of converting adult cells into pluripotent stem cells called?
Cellular reprogramming
ExplanationCellular reprogramming transforms adult cells into pluripotent stem cells.
#7
Which transcription factors are commonly used in cellular reprogramming to induce pluripotency?
Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc
ExplanationOct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc are key transcription factors in inducing pluripotency.
#8
What is the main advantage of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) over embryonic stem cells?
They do not raise ethical concerns.
ExplanationiPSCs avoid ethical concerns associated with embryonic stem cells.
#9
Which of the following is a challenge in the field of stem cell research?
Ethical concerns surrounding the use of human embryos
ExplanationEthical concerns regarding human embryos present challenges in stem cell research.
#10
What is the role of the microenvironment in stem cell maintenance and differentiation?
It regulates stem cell fate.
ExplanationThe microenvironment controls stem cell fate by regulating their behavior.
#11
What are induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from?
Somatic cells
ExplanationiPSCs are derived from somatic cells through reprogramming.
#12
What is the term for the process of directing the differentiation of stem cells into specific cell types?
Stem cell fate determination
ExplanationStem cell fate determination guides stem cells to differentiate into specific cell types.
#13
Which of the following is a characteristic of totipotent stem cells?
They can differentiate into all cell types, including extraembryonic tissues.
ExplanationTotipotent stem cells can differentiate into any cell type, including those of extraembryonic tissues.
#14
What is the term for the process of dedifferentiating mature cells into stem-like cells?
Transdifferentiation
ExplanationTransdifferentiation involves converting mature cells into stem-like cells.
#15
Which type of stem cell has the highest differentiation potential?
Totipotent stem cells
ExplanationTotipotent stem cells have the highest differentiation potential.