#1
Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five personality traits?
Conscientiousness
Introversion
Openness
Neuroticism
#2
Which theorist is associated with the concept of self-actualization?
Carl Jung
Erik Erikson
Abraham Maslow
Karen Horney
#3
Which of the following is a key concept in Carl Rogers' humanistic theory of personality?
Defense mechanisms
Self-actualization
Archetypes
The Oedipus complex
#4
Which psychological perspective emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences in shaping personality?
Behavioral perspective
Humanistic perspective
Psychodynamic perspective
Cognitive perspective
#5
Who developed the theory of psychosocial development, which includes eight stages of human development across the lifespan?
Abraham Maslow
Erik Erikson
Sigmund Freud
Carl Rogers
#6
According to Freudian psychoanalytic theory, which part of the mind operates on the pleasure principle?
Ego
Superego
Id
Conscious mind
#7
Who proposed the hierarchy of needs in human motivation?
Carl Rogers
Albert Bandura
Abraham Maslow
B. F. Skinner
#8
According to the Big Five personality theory, which trait describes the tendency to be organized and responsible?
Extraversion
Neuroticism
Conscientiousness
Openness
#9
What is the main idea behind Bandura's social learning theory?
Personality is determined solely by genetics
Behavior is primarily shaped by unconscious desires
People learn by observing others and modeling their behavior
Human behavior is mostly controlled by environmental stimuli
#10
According to Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory, what is the primary developmental task during adolescence?
Trust vs. mistrust
Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
Identity vs. role confusion
Generativity vs. stagnation
#11
According to social cognitive theory, what is reciprocal determinism?
The idea that behavior is influenced by both personal factors and the social environment
The belief that one's behavior is predetermined by genetics
The tendency to attribute one's successes to external factors and failures to internal factors
The process of reinforcement shaping behavior
#12
Which of the following is NOT a defense mechanism according to psychoanalytic theory?
Sublimation
Projection
Rationalization
Integration
#13
What term describes the tendency to overestimate the impact of dispositional factors and underestimate the impact of situational factors when explaining other people's behavior?
Fundamental attribution error
Self-serving bias
Confirmation bias
Halo effect
#14
In psychoanalytic theory, what is the purpose of the defense mechanism known as displacement?
Redirecting unacceptable impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening target
Attributing one's own unacceptable qualities to others
Offering self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening unconscious reasons for one's actions
Attempting to become like someone else to deal with anxiety
#15
According to the concept of self-efficacy in social cognitive theory, what is the belief in one's ability to accomplish a specific task or goal?
Outcome expectancy
Response efficacy
Locus of control
Self-efficacy