#1
In behaviorism, who is considered the founder of classical conditioning?
B.F. Skinner
John B. Watson
Ivan Pavlov
Edward Thorndike
#2
Who developed the concept of schedules of reinforcement in operant conditioning?
B.F. Skinner
John B. Watson
Ivan Pavlov
Edward Thorndike
#3
According to behaviorism, what is the emphasis on in the study of behavior?
Unconscious motives
Cognitive processes
Observable and measurable behaviors
Introspection
#4
Who proposed the Law of Effect, stating that behaviors followed by satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated?
B.F. Skinner
John B. Watson
Ivan Pavlov
Edward Thorndike
#5
Which type of reinforcement involves removing an aversive stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior?
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment
#6
What is the primary focus of operant conditioning?
Associating involuntary responses with stimuli
Understanding the role of cognitive processes
Studying the effects of punishment on behavior
Strengthening or weakening voluntary behaviors through consequences
#7
Which term is associated with the process of reinforcing a behavior by removing an aversive stimulus?
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment
#8
Which of the following is an example of positive punishment?
Giving a reward for completing a task
Adding extra chores for misbehavior
Ignoring unwanted behavior
Removing a pleasant stimulus
#9
In operant conditioning, what is the term for the process of gradually reducing the frequency of a behavior by removing reinforcement?
Extinction
Generalization
Discrimination
Spontaneous recovery
#10
What is the key concept in classical conditioning where a neutral stimulus comes to evoke a response after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus?
Extinction
Discrimination
Generalization
Acquisition
#11
What does the term 'shaping' refer to in operant conditioning?
Conditioning an individual to respond to a specific stimulus
Gradually molding and reinforcing behaviors to approximate a desired outcome
Associating a neutral stimulus with an involuntary response
Applying punishment to eliminate undesirable behaviors
#12
According to behaviorism, what is the role of introspection in studying behavior?
It is a primary method for understanding behavior
It is considered irrelevant and subjective
It is used to analyze unconscious motives
It is applied in classical conditioning experiments
#13
What is the term for the process of pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response?
Shaping
Extinction
Generalization
Acquisition
#14
In operant conditioning, what is the term for the return of a previously extinguished response?
Extinction
Generalization
Discrimination
Spontaneous recovery
#15
In classical conditioning, what is the term for the weakening and eventual disappearance of a conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the conditioned stimulus?
Extinction
Spontaneous recovery
Generalization
Discrimination