#1
Which type of reinforcement schedule provides reinforcement after a variable number of responses?
Fixed Interval
Variable Interval
Fixed Ratio
Variable Ratio
#2
In operant conditioning, what is shaping?
Gradually strengthening a response through reinforcement
Creating a conditioned response through pairing stimuli
Modifying behavior by reinforcing successive approximations
Pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus
#3
In classical conditioning, what is the neutral stimulus initially paired with to create a conditioned response?
Unconditioned response
Unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned response
Conditioned stimulus
#4
In classical conditioning, what is the term for the process of presenting the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus to weaken the conditioned response?
Discrimination
Generalization
Extinction
Spontaneous recovery
#5
In operant conditioning, what is the term for the process of gradually reducing the frequency of a behavior by removing reinforcement?
Shaping
Chaining
Extinction
Generalization
#6
What is classical conditioning?
Learning through rewards and punishments
Learning by observing others
Learning through association of stimuli
Learning through trial and error
#7
Which psychologist is famous for the Little Albert experiment in classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
B.F. Skinner
John B. Watson
Albert Bandura
#8
What is the primary focus of behaviorism in psychology?
Exploring the unconscious mind
Understanding cognitive processes
Studying observable behavior
Analyzing emotions and feelings
#9
In classical conditioning, what is the unconditioned response?
The response to the conditioned stimulus
The learned response to a neutral stimulus
The response to the unconditioned stimulus
The initial response before conditioning
#10
What is the term for the reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a period of rest?
Generalization
Discrimination
Spontaneous recovery
Operant rebound
#11
In operant conditioning, what is negative reinforcement?
Adding something unpleasant to decrease a behavior
Removing something pleasant to decrease a behavior
Adding something pleasant to increase a behavior
Removing something unpleasant to increase a behavior
#12
What is the concept of extinction in behavioral analysis?
Increasing the strength of a response through repeated reinforcement
Decreasing the strength of a response by removing reinforcement
Associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus
Creating a conditioned response through repeated exposure
#13
What is the term for the process of gradually reducing the intensity of a conditioned response?
Discrimination
Generalization
Extinction
Spontaneous recovery
#14
Who introduced the concept of operant conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
John B. Watson
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
#15
What is the process of learning by observing others and imitating their behavior called?
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Modeling
Extinction