#1
Which of the following is an example of a personal value?
Profit maximization
Innovation
Integrity
Market share
#2
Which of the following is NOT a component of organizational commitment according to the Three-Component Model?
Affective commitment
Continuance commitment
Normative commitment
Transactional commitment
#3
What is the primary focus of the Values-Based Leadership approach in organizations?
Maximizing profits
Aligning leadership decisions with personal values
Promoting hierarchy within the organization
Ignoring ethical considerations
#4
In the context of organizational values, what does the term 'diversity and inclusion' refer to?
Exclusivity in the workplace
Ensuring uniformity in employee backgrounds
Embracing differences and fostering a welcoming environment
Ignoring individual perspectives
#5
What does the term 'organizational citizenship behavior' (OCB) refer to in the workplace?
Behaviors that violate organizational rules
Employee actions that go beyond formal job requirements to contribute positively to the organization
Withholding information from colleagues
Resistance to change within the organization
#6
How do personal values contribute to organizational commitment?
They have no impact on commitment
They lead to conflicts within the organization
They align personal and organizational goals
They decrease employee satisfaction
#7
What is the term for the process of adapting one's values to align with the organization's values?
Value imposition
Value congruence
Value clarification
Value deviation
#8
What role do personal values play in ethical decision-making within organizations?
They have no impact on ethical decision-making
They may conflict with ethical principles
They always align perfectly with ethical principles
They are not considered in ethical decision-making
#9
Which leadership style is characterized by a leader who consults with employees before making decisions but retains the final decision-making authority?
Autocratic leadership
Transformational leadership
Democratic leadership
Laissez-faire leadership
#10
Which organizational commitment component reflects an individual's perception of the costs associated with leaving the organization?
Affective commitment
Continuance commitment
Normative commitment
Transactional commitment
#11
Which theory suggests that individuals assess the fairness of their outcomes in comparison to others' outcomes in the workplace?
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Equity Theory
Expectancy Theory
Two-Factor Theory
#12
In the context of organizational commitment, what does the term 'affective commitment' refer to?
Commitment based on personal values
Commitment based on financial benefits
Emotional attachment and identification with the organization
Commitment based on external pressure
#13
In the context of organizational involvement, what does the term 'employee engagement' refer to?
The amount of time an employee spends at work
The emotional commitment an employee has towards the organization
The number of tasks assigned to an employee
The hierarchical level of an employee
#14
According to the Social Identity Theory, what is the role of group membership in shaping individual behavior within an organization?
It has no influence on individual behavior
It leads to conformity with organizational values
It results in discrimination against other groups
It promotes individualism
#15
According to Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, which factors are considered hygiene factors that can lead to dissatisfaction if lacking?
Achievement and recognition
Salary and working conditions
Advancement and responsibility
Job content and growth